Dwarf sword plant
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Dwarf sword plant ( Helanthium bolivianum ) |
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| Helanthium bolivianum | ||||||||||||
| ( Rusby ) Lehtonen & Myllys |
The dwarf sword plant ( Helanthium bolivianum ) is a species in the family of the frog-spoon plants (Alismataceae). The natural range of this marsh plant is in tropical Central and South America .
description
Vegetative characteristics
It is a rooted, submerged or protruding from the water, one-year or short-lived perennial herbaceous water plant . Rhizomes are absent. The foliage leaves, arranged in a rosette at the base, protrude from the water or are submerged. The cylindrical petiole is 2 to 15 cm long. The leaf blade is 2 to 5 cm long, 0.3 to 1 cm wide, lanceolate-elliptical, pointed, narrowed at the base, with translucent lines.
Generative characteristics
The bald, simple, doldige or racemose inflorescence stands on 5 to 30 cm long, upright to prostrate, cylindrical shafts. It consists of one to four whorls with seven to ten flowers each and forms vegetative buds. On submerged plants, the inflorescences transform into pseudostolons ( pseudostolons ), which enable the plant to reproduce vegetatively . The 3 to 5 mm long bracts are fused at the base. The 2 to 4 cm long flower stalks are upright. The flowers are 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. The sepals are 2 to 3 mm long. The white petals are 5 mm long. the six to nine stamens have (basifixe) on the base attached dust bag . The 15 to 20, glands loose, two or three rib Balgfrüchtchen are mm long and 0.5 to 1 mm wide with beak-, 0.1 to 0.3 mm long 1 to 1.5 stylus .
In Venezuela, the dwarf sword plant flowers and produces fruit from December to May.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Occurrence
The large distribution area includes tropical Central and South America from southeast Mexico in the north to northeast Argentina in the south. It colonizes bodies of water and occasionally dry locations, for example on lake shores. In Venezuela it occurs at altitudes from sea level to 1200 meters.
Systematics
It was first described in 1855 by the German botanist Moritz August Seubert as Alisma tenellum Mart. ex school f. f. latifolium Seub. In 1927 it was recognized by the American botanist Henry Hurd Rusby as a separate species Alisma bolivianum Rusby . The new combination to Helanthium bolivianum ( Rusby ) Lehtonen & Myllys took place in 2008 by the Finnish botanists Samuli Lehtonen and Leena Myllys . Further synonyms of this diverse species, which are considered with various broad taxonomic concepts, are Echinodorus bolivianus ( Rusby ) Holm-Niels. , Echinodorus quadricostatus Fassett , Echinodorus bolivianus (Rusby) Holm-Niels. , Echinodorus isthmicus Fassett and Echinodorus angustifolius Rataj .
use
The dwarf sword plant is one of the popular aquarium plants . It is considered a plant that makes higher demands on its care. Your light requirement is medium to high; it is growing fast. The dwarf sword plant thrives best in the aquarium at temperatures between 22 and 30 degrees Celsius. It is suitable as a foreground and as a group planting .
literature
- Christel Kasselmann : Designing planted aquariums . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08518-X .
- Christel Kasselmann: aquarium plants. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 2nd edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 264 ( Echinodorus quadricostatus ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): World Checklist of Alismataceae. Helanthium bolivianum. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Internet publication. , last accessed on December 12, 2015.
- ↑ a b c Samuli Lehtonen, Leena Myllys: Cladistic analysis of Echinodorus (Alismataceae): simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data. In: Cladistics. Volume 24, 2008, pp. 218-239, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2007.00177.x .
- ↑ a b c d Samuli Lehtonen, Elizabeth Gordon: Actualización del conocimiento de los géneros Echinodorus y Helanthium (Alismataceae) en Venezuela. In: Acta Botánica Venezuelica. Volume 33, No. 2, 2010, pp. 249–272 ( online )
- ↑ Echinodorus bolivianus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis