Edit Gyömrői

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Edit Gyömrői (first name also: Edith; family name: Gelb, Rényi, Glück, Ludowyk-Gyömrői; born September 8, 1896 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary ; died February 11, 1987 in London ) was a Hungarian psychoanalyst .

Life

Edit Gelb was born as the daughter of the Jewish furniture manufacturer and councilor András Gelb and his wife Ilona Pfeifer in an upper class family. In 1899 the parents Magyarized the family name to Gyömrői and converted to Catholicism. Her uncle István Hollós was one of the founders of the Budapest Psychoanalytic Association with Sándor Ferenczi and Imre Hermann (1899–1984). Edit first attended a technical college and married the engineer Ervin Rényi in 1914, with whom she had a son Gábor in Vienna. Gábor Rényi was killed in a Hungarian forced labor camp for Jews during World War II. After her divorce and return to Budapest in 1918, she became friends with Anna Lesznai and through her came to the Budapest "Sunday Circle " ( Vasárnap-Társaság ), which was headed by György Lukács in the house of Béla Balázs . Also in the Sonntagskreis was the psychologist René A. Spitz , whom she already knew from the Galilean group. At the 5th International Psychoanalytic Congress from September 26th to 28th, 1918 in Budapest, she was in the audience.

During the time of the Hungarian Soviet Republic , like most of the members of the Sunday Circle, she was given a position with Ernö Lorsy in the People's Commissariat for Education and after the suppression of the Soviet Republic, she fled to Vienna. She wrote poetry and tried to support herself and her child with arts and crafts. A long-lasting literary friendship began in Vienna with Hermann Broch , who translated two of her poems. From there she went to Klausenburg and Ungvár in 1923 and then moved with her next husband Laszlo Glück (Lászlo Tolgy) to Berlin , where she trained as a psychoanalyst without prior medical studies. She earned her living with costume design, including a film production with Elisabeth Bergner . In Berlin she was active as a journalist for the Rote Hilfe and was a member of the KPD until her expulsion in 1934 . She began a training analysis with Otto Fenichel in 1929 , which she completed in 1932. In 1933 she became a member of the German Psychoanalytic Society . From 1934 to 1945 she belonged to the inner circle of the Freudo-Marxist opposition within the psychoanalysis of Otto Fenichel. The members of this informal group, which no longer appeared openly after Wilhelm Reich was expelled from the psychoanalytic organizations in 1934 , were the eight or nine recipients of the “circular letters” sent by Fenichel in strictest secrecy.

After the handover of power to the National Socialists in Germany, she smuggled materials from the Reichstag fire trial into Switzerland, fled to Prague and from there returned to Budapest, where she practiced as an analyst. Between the end of 1934 and the end of 1936 the Hungarian poet and communist Attila József became her analysand , who fell in love with her and wrote the poem You are cowardly to love about her rejection . The analysis worsened József's health and Gyömrői had to hand over the patient's treatment to Róbert Bak . During the analysis, József kept a diary Szabad-ötletek jegyzéke (“Directory of Free Ideas”). He committed 1937 suicide . Gyömrői took part in 1935 and 1937 in the four-country conference of psychoanalysts organized by Fenichel and Paul Federn and in the International Psychoanalytic Congresses in Marienbad in 1936 and in Paris in 1938.

The increasing anti-Semitism under the authoritarian Hungarian regime of Miklós Horthy led her to emigrate to the British colony Ceylon in 1938 with her third husband, László Ujvári . After Ujvari's death, she married there in 1941 EFC Ludowyk (1906–1985), professor of literature at the University College in Colombo and Shakespeare researcher. She also worked as a psychoanalyst in Ceylon, with some restrictions. She was also active there in the Communist Party and was a co-founder of a Ceylonese socialist women's organization. At the University of Ceylon she did her doctorate with a thesis on the history of religion.

For health reasons Gyömrői moved to London in 1956 , from there he made contact with his colleagues in Hungary again and made a well-known trip to Budapest in the 1970s.

Fonts

  • Edit Rényi: Rényi Edit versei , Budapest Benkö Gy., 1919.
  • Edith Ludowyk Gyömrői: Miracle and Faith in Early Buddhism , Gépirat, 1947.
  • E. Ludowyk: Puberty rites of girls in a changing society , in: Maria Pfister-Ammende (Ed.): Geistige Hygiene. Research and Practice , Schwabe, Basel 1955, pp. 237-251.
  • Edith Ludowyk Gyomroi: The analysis of a young concentration camp victim , in: The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child , Vol. 18, 1963, pp. 484-510, DOI: 10.1080 / 00797308.1963.11822940 .
    • Edith Ludowyk Gyömröi: The psychoanalysis of a young concentration camp victim , in: Psyche , Vol. 20, 1966, pp. 401-426.
  • Edit Rényi: Megbékélés (“Reconciliation”), Magvetö kiadó, Budapest 1979.

literature

  • Anna Borgos: A Woman Against the Current: The Life Paths of Edit Gyömrői (Gelb, R6nyi, Gliick, Ujvari, Ludowyk) . In: Judith Szapor (ed.): Jewish Intellectual Women in Central Europe 1860–2000: twelve biographical essays . Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 2012 ISBN 978-0-7734-2933-8 , pp. 293–326 ( Hungarian, 2005 )
  • Otto Fenichel: 119 Rundbriefe (1934-1945) , Frankfurt / M .: Stroemfeld 1998 ISBN 3-87877-567-9 , p. 1953 (short biography).
  • Paul Harmat: Freud, Ferenczi and the Hungarian Psychoanalysis , Edition Diskord, Tübingen 1988, ISBN 3-89295-530-1 . Translation by: Harmat Pál: Freud, Ferenczi és a magyarországi pszichoanalísis. Európai Protestáns Magyar Szabadegyetem, Bern 1986, ISBN 3-85421-017-5 .
  • Éva Karádi, Erzsébet Vezér (eds.): Georg Lukács, Karl Mannheim and the Sunday Circle , Sendler, Frankfurt am Main, 1985 ISBN 3-88048-074-5 .
  • Endre Kiss, Hermann Broch and Edit Gyömrői: Between Freud and Marx , in: Endre Kiss, Paul Michael Lützeler , Gabriella Rácz (Eds.): Hermann Brochs literary friendships , Stauffenburg, Tübingen 2008, pp. 75 ff. ( Online ).
  • Christiane Ludwig-Körner: Rediscovered - Psychoanalysts in Berlin , Giessen 1998.
  • Uwe Henrik Peters : Psychiatry in Exile. the emigration of dynamic psychiatry from Germany 1933–1939 , Kupka, Düsseldorf 1992, p. 359 (short biography as Ludowyk-Gyömrői, Edith ).
  • Michael Schröter : Edit Gyömröi (1896–1987). A biographical sketch , in: Luzifer-Amor , Vol. 8 (16), 1995, pp. 102-115.
  • Erzsébet Vezér: Ismeretlen József Attila-kéziratok. (Interjú Gyömrői Edittel), in: Irodalomtörténet , Vol. 3 (1971), pp. 620-633.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The translations were completely unsuccessful, which is why Gyömrői protested in writing to Broch, see: Endre Kiss, Hermann Broch and Edit Gyömrői: Between Freud and Marx , p. 77.
  2. ↑ Éva Karádi (ed.): Georg Lukács, Karl Mannheim and the Sonntagskreis , Sendler, Frankfurt am Main 1985, pp. 104-106.
  3. ↑ Fenichel asked the recipients to burn the letters after reading them (Circular 23, section 13)
  4. ↑ Otto Fenichel: 119 circulars (1934-1945). 2 volumes. Frankfurt / M .: Stroemfeld 1998. In addition to Fenichel and Gyömrői, the inner circle included: Käte Friedländer; Georg Gero; Samuel Goldschein; Nic Waal; Edith Jacobson ; Barbara Lantos; Annie Reich and Wilhelm Reich, the latter ceased from 1935. See Fenichel, 119 Rundbriefe , pp. 1949 - 1957
  5. ^ Paul Harmat: Freud, Ferenczi and the Hungarian Psychoanalysis , p. 262 f.
personal data
SURNAME Gyömrői, Edit
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Yellow, edit; Rényi, Edit; Luck, edit; Ludowyk-Gyömrői, Edit
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian psychoanalyst
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH February 11, 1987
Place of death London