István Hollós

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István Hollós , actually Isidor Hesslein , German also Stephan Hollos , (born April 19, 1872 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary ; died February 2, 1957 in Budapest, Hungary ) was a Hungarian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst .

Life

Isidor Hesslein grew up in a petty-bourgeois Jewish family. He studied medicine at the University of Budapest from 1891 to 1896 and had his name Magyarized . After a year of work as a private doctor, Hollós was employed in an insane asylum in Budapest between 1900 and 1909, and then in an insane asylum in Sibiu , where he had the iron bars removed from the windows, which led to a reduction in escape and suicide attempts. After the First World War , in which he was drafted as a military doctor, he worked in the Angyalföld hospital in Budapest's 13th district and from 1919 again in the " National Institute for Neurology and Psychiatry" ( Lipótmezö, 2nd district Budapest ). Under his influence of his experiences in the institutions, the Hungarian psychoanalysts earlier than z. B. the Austro-German concerned with the application of psychoanalytic methods in the treatment of the mentally disturbed. When, in 1927, he wrote Hollós' experience report Behind the Yellow Wall; read of the liberation of the madman , Sigmund Freud had to admit that he himself “does not love these sick people” and, in contrast to Hollós' “warmth of feeling” and “understanding”, was intolerant of them. Hollós was also an activist in the abstinence movement and a leading member of the Hungarian Good Templars .

In 1913 he was one of the founders of the Hungarian Psychoanalytic Association with Sándor Radó , Ignotus and Sándor Ferenczi and was its vice-president, after Ferenczi's death in 1933 he became its president. Hollós had been analyzed by Paul Federn .

He took part in the discussions at the Budapest Psychoanalytical Congress in 1919 - his wife Olga (-1952) was admitted there as a guest - and gave a lecture at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Congress in autumn 1922 on the "Similarity of Dreams and Mental Illnesses". In 1925 he was dismissed from the clinic by the authoritarian Hungarian regime of Miklós Horthy due to his Jewish origin. Hollós, who also painted and wrote poetry as an amateur, published his report, My Farewell to the Loss Mill , in Hungarian in 1927 : Búcsúm a Sárga Háztól , 1928 in German. His scientific articles appeared not only in the specialist press, but also in the literary magazine Nyugat , first in 1914 on the subject of recitation of poetry. In 1935 he took part in the four-country conference of psychoanalysts from Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Italy. He was friends with Leopold Szondi and attended his Wednesday seminars. With Ferenczi and Dezső Kosztolányi , he translated Freud's Interpretation of Dreams (1935) and Das Ich und das Es (1937) into Hungarian.

In 1934, his niece Edit Gyömrői, who was scientifically supported by him, took over the treatment of the mentally ill poet Attila József ; Hollós was a control analyst . When Gyömrői broke off the treatment at the end of 1936, he did not take over the client himself, but instead called on Róbert Bak . József committed 1937 suicide .

When the anti-Semitic laws made it difficult for Jews to work in Hungary in 1938, Hollós received various offers from abroad, which he turned down, and Edit Gyömrői and her husband emigrated to Ceylon instead . After the German occupation of Hungary in spring 1944, the Jewish population of Budapest was ghettoized , while the Eichmann Command outside Budapest had the Hungarian militia deport more than 400,000 Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp . Hollós had received a protection pass from Raoul Wallenberg , but in December 1944 he and his wife Olga were dragged in a group of 200 Jews from the “Schwedenhaus” by the Arrow Crossers to the bank of the Danube , where around sixty Jews were shot. The murder action was broken off by an intervention.

After the end of the war, the Hungarian Psychoanalytic Society was rebuilt by Hollós and Imre Hermann , but then came under criticism not only from conventional medicine , but also from the Hungarian Stalinists .

Holló's book Behind the Yellow Wall; from the liberation of the madman , which was a praised "bedside reading" by Kurt Tucholsky in 1929, was placed on the list of writings banned by the National Socialists in 1938 .

Fonts

  • István Hollós, Primary bibliography at padd
  • with Sándor Ferenczi: On the psychoanalysis of paralytic mental disorder . International Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Leipzig 1922.
  • Stephan Hollos: From the "pathoneuroses" to the pathology of the neuroses. In: International Journal of Psychoanalysis . IX, 1923, issue 3.
  • Behind the yellow wall; from the liberation of the mad Ed. Paul Federn , Heinrich Meng . Hippokrates-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1928
    • Bucsum a sárga háztól , Budapest: Genius, 1927
  • The Cultural Weight and Social Position of the Hungarians in former Hungary. Budapest 1936.
  • with Sándor Ferenczi, Gertrude Margaret Barnes, Günther Keil: Psychoanalysis and the psychic disorder of general paresis . Nervous and mental disease publishing company, New York / Washington 1925.
  • Letters from someone who escaped. István Hollós to Paul Federn. February 17, 1946. In: Psyche . 28, 1974, pp. 266-268.
  • Iván Fónagy: Report about the manuscript by István Hollós, “The rise from instinctual language to human language”. In: Thalassa. 13 2002, 1-2., Pp. 74-76.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hollós and psychiatry . In: Paul Harmat: Freud, Ferenczi and the Hungarian psychoanalysis . Pp. 112-120. With Harmat until 1923.
  2. ^ Letter from Freud to Hollós, April 10, 1928, in: Paul Harmat: Freud, Ferenczi and the Hungarian Psychoanalysis , p. 117
  3. ^ Paul Harmat: Freud, Ferenczi and the Hungarian Psychoanalysis , p. 85
  4. ↑ Mes adieux à la maison jaune. Ouvrage très insolite du Dr. Télémaque whistle sur la libération des malades mentaux . Paris 1986.
  5. ^ Paul Harmat: Freud, Ferenczi and the Hungarian psychoanalysis. P. 224.
  6. ^ Paul Harmat: Freud, Ferenczi and the Hungarian psychoanalysis . P. 236.
  7. ↑ István Hollós to Paul Federn , February 17, 1946, excerpt from a letter printed as a letter from someone who had escaped , in: Psyche , 1974, pp. 266–268. In the excerpt from the letter, the intervening occupants of a car, who ordered the second column to return to the shooting range on the Danube, were not mentioned. Pal Szalai or Károly Szabó may have been involved in the rescue operation.
  8. ^ Antje Bonitz (Ed.), Kurt Tucholsky: Complete edition: Texts and letters. Texts 1929: texts and letters. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-498-06531-8 Volume 11. On the bedside table. October 15, 1929, pp. 394-396.
  9. ^ List of harmful and undesirable literature, as of December 31, 1938, Leipzig, 1938, p. 61. Online version
personal data
SURNAME Hollós, István
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hesslein, Isidor (real name); Hollos, Stephan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
DATE OF BIRTH April 19, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH 2nd February 1957
Place of death Budapest , Hungary