Edouard Chatton

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Édouard Pierre Léon Chatton (born October 11, 1883 in Romont , † April 23, 1947 in Banyuls-sur-Mer ) was a French biologist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Chatton ".

Life

Chatton went to school in Belfort and obtained his licentiate in biology at the Sorbonne in 1905 with a thesis on a multicellular parasite (Péridinien) of marine copepods, later the subject of his dissertation (1919). Even then, he was doing research at the Arago marine research laboratory in Banyuls-sur-mer. From 1907 to 1919 he was at the Pasteur Institute under Félix Mesnil (1869-1938), where he dealt with parasitic flagellates in insects and later under Charles Nicolle with tropical diseases (leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis). From 1914 he took part as a soldier in the First World War, in which he was wounded in 1915 as a second lieutenant in the Tunisian colonial troops in the Artois and was then stationed in Tunisia. He received the Croix de Guerre and was made Knight of the Legion of Honor in 1920 (for military services). In 1918 he was at the Pasteur Institute in Tunis. In 1919 he received his doctorate. He was then Maître de conférences at the University of Strasbourg and in 1922 Professor of General Biology. In 1927 he became director of the Institute of Zoology and General Biology at the University of Strasbourg and in 1930 he became director of the protistology laboratory at the École pratique des hautes études in Paris. In the same year he was on a Rockefeller grant in the USA. From 1932 he taught at the University of Montpellier and headed the marine research laboratory in Sète . In 1937 he became professor of marine biology at the Sorbonne and director of the marine research laboratories Arago in Banyuls-sur-Mer and the one in Villefranche-sur-Mer . Since 1933 he was a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences .

He had an honorary professorship in Strasbourg from 1932 and in Montpellier from 1937. In 1928 he was president of the Société zoologique de France, whose secretary he was from 1908 to 1919. In 1912 he became a member of the Société de pathologie exotique. In 1922 he received the Prix Monbinne from the Académie nationale de Médecin. At the centenary in honor of Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg in 1923, he was head of the Tropical Medicine Section. In 1925 he became president of the Office central de faunistique.

Chatton initially dealt with unicellular parasites in humans such as trypanosomes, and later with marine protozoa such as dinoflagellates and ciliate animals . He described around 60 new genera and over 150 new species of protozoa. Around 240 scientific publications originate from him.

From 1921 the later Nobel Prize winner André Lwoff was his student and they worked together until Chatton's death. In 1930/31 Jacques Monod was also in his laboratory.

In 1925 he introduced the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes . However, this did not attract more attention until the 1960s (through the influence of Lwoff, Roger Stanier (1916–1982) and others).

He had been married since 1908 and had two children.

literature

  • Jean-Jacques Amigo, “Chatton (Édouard, Pierre, Léon)”, in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. ( ISBN 9782908866506 )
  • André Lwoff: La vie et l'oeuvre d'Edouard Chatton, Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, Volume 85, 1947-1948, pp. 121-137.
  • Emile Roubaud: Nécrologie Edouard Chatton, Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, Volume 40, 1947, pp. 308-309.

Web links

References and comments

  1. ^ Jean-Jacques Amigo, “Chatton (Édouard, Pierre, Léon)”, in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. ( ISBN 9782908866506 )
  2. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter C. Académie des sciences, accessed on February 8, 2020 (French).
  3. ↑ Pansporella perplexa. Reflections on biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 10e series, Volume 7, 1925, pp. 1-84.
personal data
SURNAME Chatton, Édouard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chatton, Édouard Pierre Léon (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French biologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 11, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Romont
DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1947
Place of death Banyuls-sur-Mer