Einbecker Landwehr
The Einbeck Landwehr was part of the fortifications of the medieval town of Einbeck and strengthened the fortifications of Einbeck . The Landwehr demarcated the Einbeck district from the surrounding area.
course
The Einbecker Landwehr enclosed the Feldmark in an almost complete circle with a diameter of approx. 7–8 km and a circumference of around 23 km. In other cities in the region the Landwehr consisted of only short sections or was completely absent.
The ring ran clockwise at the villages of Kohnsen , Bartshausen , Kuventhal , Andershausen , Negenborn and Volksen , the desert areas of Oldendorf , Reinsen, Wendfeld and Bensen and the village of Hullersen . On short sections in the southeast, where it was not built, the Ilme formed the demarcation.
history
The Landwehr around Einbeck was essentially created in the 15th century for defense purposes. In the Thirty Years 'War parts were destroyed Landwehr and in the Seven Years' War in 1761 more waiting towers were destroyed. The Landwehr was largely removed in the 19th century after it had only been used for supervisory purposes in the 17th century and was accordingly partly unused and derelict. In the area of the Hube elevation it has been well preserved to this day.
Part of the enclosed area came from the boundaries of desolate villages such as Oldendorf. The parcels were often small parcels or gardens. In addition to the settlements, it also encompassed stone quarries, clay pits, dinghies and gallows, hops and vineyards, hospitals, Klausen, chapels and cemeteries, fish ponds, flax rots and mills.
In addition to citizens of the city and the villages, the landowners were the Brunswick princes residing in the castles of Rotenkirchen and Heldenburg , local aristocrats, the Gandersheimer Stift , the Goslarer Stift , the Fredelsloher Stift and the Einbecker Stift .
buildings
The passages on the important routes were secured by a total of seven quarry-stone masonry waiting areas . These were the Klapperturm , the Pinkler , the Reinser Turm , the Red Tower , the Leineturm , the Kuventhaler Turm , the Hubeturm and the Bartshausen Tower . In addition to the actual towers, the waiting areas also consisted of a house and stables and a barrier to block the road. With one exception, they were completely removed, with the exception of a few archaeologically excavated remains.
The foundations of the Leineturm were rediscovered in 1990 during excavations northeast of Volksen in the district of Negenborn an der Leine. It was built from sandstone in 1434, had a diameter of 5.5 m and a height of about 11.5 m. The conical roof was covered with Solling sandstone slabs. There was an adjoining 8.3 × 8.1 m outbuilding. There was a bridge over the Leine at this point until the beginning of the 18th century . The remains of the tower were completely demolished in 1875.
The only completely preserved watch tower is the rattle tower on the road between Einbeck and Dassel south of Kohnsen. The name comes from the type of signaling that rattled in the event of danger, in contrast to the pinkler tower to the south , where metal was pinned, that is, knocked, in the event of danger. As a subsequent use of the rattle tower after its actual military task, it was converted into an inn for travelers. After it burned down in 1899, it was rebuilt in the 20th century as a restaurant that structurally encloses the historic round tower and still exists today.
literature
- Jürgen Köppke: The structure of the urban area . In: Hildesheim, Einbeck, Göttingen and their Stadtmark in the Middle Ages . 1967, p. 135ff
- Thomas Küntzel: Between the state border and the external fortifications: Municipal Landwehr of the Middle Ages in southern Lower Saxony . In: Göttinger Jahrbuch . 2004, p. 31ff
Individual evidence
- ↑ DI 42, Einbeck, No. 12 † (Horst Hülse), in: www.inschriften.net, urn: nbn: de: 0238-di042g007k0001204
- ↑ Kurt Pretzsch: The line tower of the Einbecker Landwehr . In: Einbecker yearbook . 1994. Vol. 43, pp. 59-74