Annual ball

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Annual ball
Annual ball (Scleranthus annuus)

Annual ball ( Scleranthus annuus )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Genre : Ball herbs ( Scleranthus )
Type : Annual ball
Scientific name
Scleranthus annuus
L.

The Annual Hanks ( Scleranthus annuus ), also Einjahrs Snarl herb called, is a member of the Pink family (Caryophyllaceae). It blooms from May to October.

Appearance

Scleranthus annuus ( herbarium evidence )
Inflorescence or fruit cluster
The false fruits are usually 3.5 to 4.5 mm long and narrowed at the base. The tips of the tepals stand out clearly.

The most one rarely biennial herbaceous plant reaches a height of about 2 cm to 10th It is not lignified at the bottom. The plant is grass green or yellowish in color. The leaves are narrow-linear to sub-shaped. The bracts are usually longer than the flowers . These sit in clusters at the tip and angle of the blade. The tepals have a length of about 1.5 to 2.5 mm, are pointed, greenish and have a whitish skin edge at most 0.2 mm wide. They are three to four times as long as the 2 to 5 stamens (the rest are partially stunted). The tepal tips are clearly protruding or spreading when the fruit is ripe. The false fruit is 3.5 to 4.5 mm long and has a pointed cone at the base.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22 or 44.

ecology

The annual ball is summer or winter annual or biennial. He is xeromorph d. H. adapted to drought.

Despite secreting nectar , the flowers are rarely visited by insects , and mostly self-pollination takes place . Flowering time is from May to October.

In contrast to most clove plants, the fruits are nuts . The nuts enclosed by a gristly hardened calyx are also the units of expansion. The spreading serrated sepals serve the Velcro and wind spreading; also intestinal spread z. B. red deer and human spread through agricultural implements occur. The seeds are long-lived. Fruit ripening begins in June.

distribution

Location claims and socialization

The annual ball grows in weed fields, less often on paths or debris areas. It prefers moderately dry to fresh, more or less nutrient-rich, lime-poor, moderately acidic sand or sandy loam. It is an acidification indicator that roots up to 20 cm deep.

General distribution

The annual tangle occurs from Europe and northwest Africa with the Canaries to temperate Asia. In northeastern and southern Africa, in Australia, New Zealand, in North and South America it is a neophyte. In Austria, the annual ball occurs scattered in colline to upper montane areas, in Switzerland it is common.

Distribution in Germany

The annual ball is widespread in Germany and is often found in the silicate areas.

Systematics

The annual ball is rich in shape and can be divided into several (small) species or subspecies:

  • Scleranthus annuus L. subsp. annuus (Syn .: Scleranthus annuus L. s.str. ): It occurs in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. In Central Europe it is a character type of the Galeopsio-Aphanetum from the Aperion association, but also occurs in companies of the Digitario-Setarienion sub-association.
  • Scleranthus annuus subsp. collinus Smejkal : It occurs in Spain, the Balearic Islands and Croatia.
  • Scleranthus annuus subsp. polycarpos (L.) Thell. (Syn .: Scleranthus polycarpos L. ): It occurs in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. It thrives in societies of the Thero-Airion and Sedo-Scleranthion associations.
  • Scleranthus annuus subsp. ruscinonensis (Gillot & HJCoste) PDSell
  • Scleranthus annuus subsp. uncinatus (Schur) Stoj. & Stef. (Syn .: Scleranthus uncinatus Schur ): It occurs in southern and southeastern Europe as well as in the Middle East.
  • Scleranthus annuus subsp. verticillatus (exchange) Arcang. (Syn .: Scleranthus verticillatus exchange ): It occurs in Central and Southern Europe as well as in the Middle East. It thrives in the associations of Alysso-Sedion or Thero-Airion.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 386.
  2. ^ A b Scleranthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Datasheet Scleranthus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Annual ball  album with pictures, videos and audio files