Single-headed fleabane

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Single-headed fleabane
Single-headed fleabane (Erigeron uniflorus)

Single-headed fleabane ( Erigeron uniflorus )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Astereae
Genre : Fleabane Herbs ( Erigeron )
Type : Single-headed fleabane
Scientific name
Erigeron uniflorus
L.

The single-headed fleabane ( Erigeron uniflorus ) is a species of the genus Fleabane ( Erigeron ) and belongs to the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

The unique characteristic of the species is the stalk, which is always single-headed, as well as the dense hairiness of the involucrum. If both characteristics are pronounced, then the plant can be clearly assigned.

The single-headed fleabane grows as a perennial herbaceous plant with an upright and always single-basket stem and reaches heights of between 2 and 20 cm. The elongated, tongue-shaped basal leaves are narrowed into a long stem. The upper leaves are lanceolate . The leaf tips are rounded to marginalized. The leaf surfaces are sparsely hairy to bald, ciliate protruding . The white woolen bracts are arranged like roof tiles and protrude slightly. They are greenish to more or less purple colored.

The basket reaches a diameter of 10 to 25 millimeters. The hermaphroditic tubular flowers are yellow, the female ray florets light wine-red, light purple-pink or whitish.

Flowering time is from July to September.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 18.

Single-headed fleabane ( Erigeron uniflorus )

Occurrence

On the Balkan Peninsula, the annual fleabane is distributed all the way to the Macedonian / Greek border. In the picture a relic deposit in the sub-Adriatic Orjen

Within Germany, the occurrence is limited to scattered stocks in the southern Bavarian Alps. It occurs particularly frequently there in the Allgäu and the Berchtesgaden Alps. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, at the Linkerskopf summit , it rises up to 2455 m above sea level. In the western part of the Bavarian distribution there are frequent occurrences on marl and limestone, in the eastern part the species is only very scattered (Korttenkopf, Schachen, Dreithorspitze, Rosstein, Miesing, Wendelstein, Rote Wand, Watzmann, Schönfeldspitze, Funtenseetauern, Schneibstein, Hohes Brett, Kahlersberg, Wildpalfen etc.).

In Austria through the entire Central Alps to the Niedere Tauern, but also here and there in the northern Limestone Alps, for example in Vorarlberg, in North Tyrol (Muttenkopf, Wangalpe near Leutasch, Sosteinkette, Sonnwenjoch, Jufen), Salzburg (Steinernes Meer, Hagengebirge, Gratzerspitze near Bolling), Styria (Hochschwab), Upper Austria (Grosser Priel) and Lower Austria (Schneeberg). In the southern Limestone Alps only in Tyrol; here particularly on igneous rock and on the Črna prst in Carniola. Quite widespread in Switzerland, descending to 1200 m in Ticino, but only very scattered in the northern Limestone Alps (Grosse Windgelle, Schilt bei Glarus, Appenzell Alps).

In general, the single-headed fleabane is found in Arctic Europe (southwards to southern Norway and northern Norway), the Alps, scattered in the Balkans , occasionally in the central Apennines , in the Carpathians , on Iceland, Scandinavia in the Caucasus , very occasionally on Ulu dag (Bithynian Olympus) in Asia Minor, the Urals and the arctic regions of Canada, Alaska and Greenland.

The species is an arctic-alpine glacial relic in the mountains of temperate latitudes. There is a risk of confusion with the habitually similar Erigeron neglectus. This only occurs in the Alps from the Alpes Maritimes to the Mallnitzer Tauern.

In the Dinarides deposits occur on lime in the association Oxytropidion dinaricae and on silicate in the plant-sociological order Seslerietalia comosae . The southernmost distribution limit is the Kožuf ( Voras ) on the Macedonian-Greek border and in northern Pirin in Bulgaria.

ecology

The single-headed fleabane is pH-indifferent to lime-avoiding. In grassy, ​​humus-rich, stony areas, on debris fields, moraines, in the Curvuletum, in the Nardetum, on the milkweed pasture, on short cliffs of the alpine level, between 1900 and 3000 m (on Monte Rosa in Valais up to 3600 m), rarely deeper (up to 1200 m). In the Eastern Alps with preference on lime-free soil, in the Western and Central Alps, vague.

The species prefers to inhabit short-grass mats and rocks and prefers lime-free soil, but it is not uncommon on limestone soils, especially in the western Alps and on the Balkan peninsula. In the northern Limestone Alps, however, the species is very rare and completely absent in the southeastern Limestone Alps (apart from one isolated location on the Črna prst, on slate). In the Alps, the Single-headed fleabane like to appear in the company of Nardus stricta , Festuca halleri , Krummsegge , Geum reptans , Loiseleuria procumbens , Veronica bellidioides , Phyteuma hedrainanthifolium and globulariaefolium Phyteuma, Antennaria carpatica , in the mountains exposed to the wind and snow swept Gratlagen, Krumm harrows lawns and rock corridors are in Altitudes between 1500 and 3500 meters preferred. It is a character species of the Elynetum , but also occurs in societies of the Caricion curvulae association or, more rarely, of the Seslerion albicantis .

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Erigeron uniflorus subsp. aragonensis (Vierh.) O. Bolòs & Vigo (Syn .: Erigeron aragonensis Vierh. ): It occurs in Spain and France.
  • Erigeron uniflorus subsp. parnassensis M.JY Foley : It occurs in Greece.
  • Erigeron uniflorus subsp. picoeuropaeanus M.JY Foley : It occurs in Spain.
  • Erigeron uniflorus subsp. subacaulis M.JY Foley : It occurs in Spain.
  • Erigeron uniflorus subsp. uniflorus .

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen , Munich 2003, ISBN 3-576-11482-3
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Web links

Commons : Single-headed fleabane  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 914. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 577.
  3. ↑ Gustav Hegi 1919: Illustrated Flora of Central Europe, Vol. IV / 1. Here p. 443 ff.
  4. ↑ HUBER, W. (1993): Biosystematic-ecological studies on the Erigeron species (Asteraceae) of the AIpen. Publ. Geobot.lnst. ETH, Rubel Foundation, Zurich, 114: 1–143. Here pp. 86–87
  5. ↑ Snežana Vukojičić 2009: Glacijalni relikti u orofitskoj flori Srbije, Crne gore i Makedonije. Dissertation, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology (Univerzitet u Beogradu, Biološki Faculty). Here pp. 121–122
  6. ↑ Snežana Vukojicic 2009: S. 122
  7. ↑ Snežana Vukojicic 2009: S. 122
  8. ↑ Gustav Hegi 1919: p. 444
  9. ↑ a b c d e Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Erigeron uniflorus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.