Loneliness (island)

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lonliness
Outlines of loneliness
Outlines of loneliness
Waters Kara Sea
Geographical location 77 ° 30 ′  N , 82 ° 30 ′  E Coordinates: 77 ° 30 ′  N , 82 ° 30 ′  E
Solitude (island) (Krasnoyarsk Territory)
Loneliness (island)
length 11.5 km
width 5.2 km
surface 20 km²
Highest elevation 30  m
Residents uninhabited
Location in the Kara Sea
Location in the Kara Sea

The loneliness ( Russian остров Уединения , Norwegian Ensomheden ) is an uninhabited Russian island in the Kara Sea . It belongs administratively to the Krasnoyarsk region and lies between Novaya Zemlya (300 km west) and Severnaya Zemlya (330 km east).

geography

The island is 11.5 kilometers long, 5.2 kilometers wide and has a land area of ​​20 km². Its highest elevation at 27  m is in the southwest.

The outline of the island is similar to that of an atoll . The mainland of the island almost completely surrounds the Severnaya lagoon ("northern lagoon"), which only has a narrow opening to the sea in the north. The so-called lagoon is actually an almost 20 km² large bay , which is only separated from the open sea by narrow spits in the north, east and south . The area of ​​the Severnaya Lagoon is therefore a marine area and does not form part of the area of ​​the island. The situation is different with the Osero Medweschje , an inland lake in the south of the island.

The west of the island is traversed by rivers that flow east to the lagoon and the longest of which is the Rutschej Iogansena ("Johannesenbach").

It is part of the Great Arctic Nature Reserve established in 1993 , the largest Russian nature reserve .

history

The island was discovered on August 26, 1878 by the Norwegian navigator Edvard Holm Johannesen from Balsfjord near Tromsø , who gave it the name Ensomheden - Norwegian for solitude - due to its isolated arctic location . It was entered for the first time by the Norwegian Otto Sverdrup , who in 1914/15 was on Russian orders as captain of the Eclipse in search of the missing Russanov expedition . In 1933 the Cheliuskin reached the island under the command of the Arctic explorer Otto Juljewitsch Schmidt . The first buildings on the island, a Soviet weather station with outbuildings, were erected in 1934.

On September 8, 1942, the German submarine U 251 destroyed this weather station with grenades fired from the ship and killed the Soviet crew, which consisted of seven people (see company Wunderland ). The small weather station was immediately rebuilt and during the Cold War was constantly manned by at least one station attendant. It was abandoned on November 23, 1996.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Topographic map T-44-XXII, XXIII, XXIV on a scale of 1: 200,000
  2. ↑ Large Arctic Nature Reserve in the information and information system Specially Protected Natural Areas of Russia of the Center for Nature Conservation (Russian), accessed on April 1, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b Judith Schalansky : Pocket Atlas of the Remote Islands: Fifty Islands, on which I have never been and never will be . 5th edition. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-596-19012-6 , pp. 239 ( excerpt from the paperback edition with map and text about the island [PDF]).
  4. ↑ Kurt Hassert: The polar research. History of voyages of discovery to the North and South Poles. Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag, Munich 1956, p. 137.
  5. ^ William Barr: Otto Sverdrup to the Rescue of the Russian Imperial Navy. In: Arctic. Vol. 27, 1974, pp. 1-14 (English, PDF, 1.4 MB).
  6. ↑ a b На острове Уединения (On the island of solitude). In: Around the world. December 1977 (Russian).
  7. ↑ Судьба российских полярных станций на фоне глобального потепления (The Fate of the Russian Polar Stations Against the Background of Global Warming). In: Priroda. No. 9, 2004 (Russian).

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