Iron crescent
The Ottoman War Medal known in Germany and Austria as the Iron Crescent ( Ottoman حرب مدالیه سی İA Ḥarb Madalyası ) was founded on March 1, 1915 by Sultan Mehmed V and consists of only one class. It was awarded to members of the Ottoman Empire and members of its allies. In English-speaking countries, it is also known as the " Gallipoli star". The Iron Crescent was the last award donated by the Ottoman Empire.
Appearance
The war medal has the shape of a five-pointed, red enameled star on which the crescent moon rests. In the middle is the cipher (" Tughra ") of the Sultan, underneath the date (1333 = 1915). It was awarded to a red and white ribbon.
Numerous variants of the medal are documented, which vary in size (53–68 mm diameter) and basic material ( bronze , tinplate , silver , iron , aluminum ) depending on the manufacturer.
Furthermore, numerous models are documented in which there was an additional square pin with the name of the battle or campaign at the top of the tape. So far, six different battle braces are known. These battle braces were not donated for the Iron Crescent, but for the Imtiaz and Liakat medals, and wearing them was a violation of the regulations.
For non-combatants there was a "civilian" version, which differed in the reverse color scheme in the ribbon.
Carrying method
Like the Iron Cross , the order was only worn in its full form on the award day. Then the ribbon was sewn to the second buttonhole of the uniform jacket, also as with the Iron Cross II. Class, the medal as a badge was only applied to the parade uniform.
Award
The medal was awarded with an official certificate. In addition to the sultan, the two commanding officers, Enver Pascha and Liman von Sanders, were also entitled to the award . With the armistice of the Ottoman Empire on October 30, 1918, the award was no longer awarded. After 1920, however, the Sultan refused to recognize awards other than those given by himself.
The Turkish law of November 21, 1951 expressly permits the wearing of earlier imperial Ottoman orders and decorations, insofar as they were awarded for services in the war.
Known porters
literature
- Kurt-Gerhard Klietmann : Ordenskunde - Contributions to the history of awards. No. 50. The Order Collection, Berlin 1976, ZDB ID 3799-0 .
- Metin Awarded: Osmanlı madalyaları ve nişanları. Belgelerle tarihi = Ottoman Medals and Orders. Documented history. The Destination Management Company, İstanbul 2001, ISBN 975-97637-0-2 (English and Turkish).
- Edhem Eldem : Pride and Privilege. A History of Ottoman Orders, Medals and Decorations. Ottoman Bank Archives and Research Center, Istanbul 2004, ISBN 975-93692-8-1 .
- M. Demir Erman: The Turkish War Medal - Harp Madalyası . Ankara 2012, ISBN 978-605-125-484-5 .
Web links
- Detailed description of all Ottoman awards (orders, medals, etc.) with pictures ( Memento from January 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ High Military Administrative Court: AYİM, March 2008 ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Kurt-Gerhard Klietmann : Ordenskunde - Contributions to the history of awards. No. 50. The Order Collection, Berlin 1976, p. 580
