Elisabeth of Bavaria (1227–1273)

Elizabeth's seal

Elisabeth of Bavaria (* around 1227 / (1230) at Trausnitz Castle in Landshut ; † October 9/10, 1273 ) from the House of Wittelsbach was, through her first husband Conrad IV, the Roman-German Queen and Queen of Sicily and Jerusalem as well by her second husband Meinhard II. Countess of Tyrol and Gorizia.

Life

Elisabeth was the eldest daughter of the Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine Otto II (1206–1253) and his wife Agnes von Braunschweig (1201–1267), a daughter of the Guelph Heinrich von Braunschweig and his wife Countess Palatine Agnes .

On September 1, 1246, Elisabeth was married in Vohburg to Conrad IV , who was Duke of Swabia (1235–1254), King of the Romans (1237–1254), King of Sicily (1250–1254) and King of Jerusalem ( 1228-1254) was. Through this marriage the Wittelsbachers became the most powerful German allies of the Hohenstaufen . Konrad died after almost eight years of marriage in 1254. The couple had only one son, the last legitimate Staufer Konradin (* March 1252), who was beheaded in Naples on October 29, 1268 after his unsuccessful Italian march .

Five years after the death of her first husband, Elisabeth married Meinhard II , the Count of Tyrol and Gorizia and Duke of Carinthia from the Meinhardin family . Meinhard also had important political motives for the marriage with the much older king widow who was superior to him. From 1272 Meinhard II and his wife Elisabeth, who wanted a memorial for their son Konradin, who was executed in Naples in October 1268, set up the Stams Cistercian monastery in Tyrol. On January 15, 1273 Meinhard and Elisabeth wrote separate letters to the abbots of the Cistercian monasteries of Lützel (Alsace) and Raitenhaslach. Elisabeth thanks the abbots for visiting the intended place in Stams and asks that a founding convention be sent. In 1273, 13 brothers were sent to Stams from the mother monastery in Kaisheim. These letters prove the active role of Elisabeth, who died in October 1273, in the founding of Stams, although she is not mentioned in Meinhard's extensive deed of donation for the monastery from March 1275. The monastery was expanded by her husband until 1284 and the couple were buried there. Elisabeth and Meinhard (* 1239/1240, † October 30, 1295), who was about 10 years younger than him and who outlived his wife by over twenty years, had six children together.

After her death in 1273 she was buried in a small wooden Johannes church in Stams Abbey. After the collegiate church was completed in 1284, it was reburied there. To the left of the main altar is a grave slab with a Latin inscription, which says that Mainhardus, the founder, is buried here with the founder Elisabetha, his wife and four children . In the so-called “Austrian grave” , which was sunk into the floor in the west of the central nave of the collegiate church and was completed in 1684, there is a life-size carved and gilded statue of her. In 2000 a plaque was inaugurated in the vestibule of the collegiate church, commemorating her son Konradin .

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  Stams Abbey

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  Donor grave in front of the high altar of the collegiate church in Stams

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  Grave slab of the founders Mainhard II and Elisabeth

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  Statues of Meinhard II. And Elisabeth in the “Austrian grave” in the collegiate church in Stams

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  Memorial plaque for Elisabeth's son Konradin in the collegiate church in Stams

The second daughter, like mother Elizabeth said, was through her marriage to the Roman-German king later Albert I to ancestress of all later Habsburgs . After the first son Albert died before his father, Otto Meinhard was succeeded as Count of Tyrol and Gorizia and Duke of Carinthia. After Otto's death, the last surviving son of Elisabeth and Meinhard, Heinrich , who had meanwhile claimed Bohemia for himself, became Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol. Like his parents, he was buried in Stams.

progeny

From the first marriage with Konrad IV:

• Konradin (March 1252– October 29, 1268), Duke of Swabia, last legitimate Staufer

From the second marriage with Meinhard II:

• Albert II († 1292), Count of Tyrol
• Agnes († May 14, 1293), married Friedrich I of Meissen in 1286
• Elisabeth (1262–1313), married King Albrecht I in 1276 .
• Otto III. (around 1265–1310), Count of Gorizia and Tyrol, Duke of Carinthia
• Henry VI. (around 1270–1335), Duke of Carinthia, Count of Tyrol, King of Bohemia and Poland
• Ludwig († 1305)

literature

• Elke Goez : Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Conrad IV and Meinhard II of Görz-Tirol . In: Karl-Heinz Rueß (ed.): Women of the Staufer (=  writings on Staufer history and art ). tape 25 . Society for Staufer History, Göppingen 2006, ISBN 3-929776-16-2 , p. 151-170 .
• Marita A. Panzer: Wittelsbach women. Princely daughters of a European dynasty . Pustet, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7917-2419-5 , p. 11-21 .

Web links

Commons : Elisabeth von Bayern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hermann Wiesflecker : The regests of the Counts of Tyrol and Görz, Dukes of Carinthia, Volume II, Innsbruck 1952, No. 90, p. 26f. (The majority of necrologists report October 10th).
2. ↑ Wiesflecker, title as above, Volume I, Innsbruck 1949, No. 671, p. 177 Munich October 6 (marriage), Chronicle and No. 673, p. 177, Munich October 9 (original document Morgengabe).
3. ^ Hermann Hoffmann: The documents of the Reichsstiftes Kaisheim, Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft, series 2a, volume 11, Augsburg 1972, no. 264, p. 152f., Tirol [1273] January 15 and no. 265, Tirol [1273] January 15.
4. ↑ Hermann Hoffmann, as above, No. 267, pp. 154f., [1273] January 27. The documents No. 264, 265 and 267 are inadvertently incorrectly dated in Wiesflecker Volume II with No. 28, 29 and 31 to 1272, see commentary on No. 264 by Hermann Hoffmann, Kaisheim.
   
5. ^ Hermann Wiesflecker: The regests of the Counts of Tyrol and Görz, Dukes of Carinthia, Volume II, Innsbruck 1952, No. 127, p. 35f., (Stams) 1275 March 12.
6. ↑ Philipp Jedelhauser: The descent of Bishop Bruno von Brixen, Count of Kirchberg (Iller) with an excursus on Countess Mathilde von Andechs, wife of Count Engelbert III. von Görz and family table of the Counts of Görz, in: Adler, Zeitschrift für Genealogie und Heraldik, Volume 28, April / September 2016, Issue 6 -7, limitation of the year of birth of Meinhard II of Tyrol and Görz (IV.) p. 286 / 287, date of death family table p. 322 and p. 289, note 64.
7. ↑ Wiesflecker, Volume II, No. 444, pp. 118f., Stams, 1284 Nov. (5-23), handover ceremony of the Stams monastery building.
8. ^ Elke Goez: Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Conrad IV and Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol. In: Karl-Heinz Rueß (Ed.): Women of the Staufer. 2006, pp. 151–170, here pp. 157–158, ( digital version (PDF; 1.17 MB) ).