Emanuel Arnold
Emanuel Arnold (born November 9, 1800 in Mnichovo Hradiště , † January 4, 1869 in Prague ) was a Bohemian politician . He is considered one of the leading Czech radical patriots .
Life
He was the child of a poor tailor. After an autodidactic training with the help of his brother, the Czech patriotic priest Jan Edvard Arnold , he worked as an employee, later he rented a farm in Jesená near Semily . In 1842 he came to Prague and joined the secret political club Repeal , which also included the radicals Vilém Gauč , František Havlíček , Ludvík Ruppert , Karel Sabina and Vincenz Vávra-Haštalský . First attention was drawn to him when he agitated against the Jesuits in 1847 and spread rumors that they were returning to Prague. He was sentenced to four months in prison and expelled from Prague for the creation and distribution of the leaflet The Speech given by the Jesuits in a secret session in Rome .
In March 1848 he returned to Prague and began his active political activity. In the leaflet Dear, Bohemian-German Brothers , originally written for the Germans , in the spirit of internationalism he urged Bohemian Germans to stand up for the democratization of the state in Bohemia . In another leaflet with the title Relationship of the working people to the rich (Poměr pracujícího lidu k boháčům) he stood up for the democratic transformation of society and the abolition of forced labor. In November 1848, the first edition of the civil newspaper (Občanské noviny), published by him, appeared , with which he mainly addressed the rural population. Radical criticism of the government by the Democrats was made in the newspaper. In the same year he also published the political book written by Sabina The History of the Hussites , with a special focus on Jan Žižka (Děje husitů se zvláštním vzhledem na Jana Žižku).
In 1849 he took part in the preparations for a strike organized by the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Bakunin together with the German democrats. When the police arrested the leaders on the night of May 9-10, he managed to escape. He came to Leipzig , where he was arrested on September 5th and handed over to the Austrian police. After a long investigation by the Military Tribunal in February 1854, he was sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to twenty years in prison.
In May 1857 the amnesty took place and he returned to Prague. Nine months later he was taken to Villach in Carinthia for forced residency , where he worked in agriculture. In March 1868, now old, frail and seriously ill, he was allowed to return to Prague, where he died a short time later. Thanks to the numerous participation of students and workers, his funeral became a manifesto against the Austrian monarchy .
Works
In addition to agitational texts such as the programmatic proclamation to our readers (Čtenářům našim), printed in the Prague evening newspaper on September 30, 1848, he mainly wrote flyers and political brochures. In it he called on the workers and the rural population to "destroy everything that is rotten and has survived", to enforce the right of the nation, to introduce democracy, to enshrine the right to work with fair pay in law, the poor before the rich protect and simplify the population's access to education and culture.
pamphlets
- Držená řeč or thoseála jezuitů v tajném sněmu v Římě, 1847
- Dear, Bohemian-German Brothers, 1848.
- Poměr pracujícího lidu k boháčům, 1848.
brochures
- Popsání cesty mé z Prahy až na pomezí hraničné - His escape to Leipzig is described.
- Děje husitů se zvláštním vzhledem na Jana Žižku, 1848.
Fonts
- Collected writings (Sebrané spisy), Edition V. Osvald, 1954.
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Arnold, Emanuel . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 22nd part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1870, p. 467 ( digital copy ).
- Čeští radikální Demokraté. Výbor politických statí z r. 1848-1870, 1953.
- K. Kosík: Politické názory. 1953.
- F. Červinka: Nad vydáním Sebraných spisů Emanuela Arnolda. 1955.
- JV Frič: Paměti. 1957.
- K. Kosík: Česká radikální demokracie. Příspěvek k dějinám názorových sporů v české společnosti 19. století. 1958.
- J. Kočí: Emanuel Arnold. Prague 1964.
Web links
- Literature and other media by and about Emanuel Arnold in the catalog of the National Library of the Czech Republic
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Arnold, Emanuel |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | bohemian politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 9, 1800 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mnichovo Hradiště |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 4, 1869 |
| Place of death | Prague |