Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne

Emmanuel Théodose Cardinal de la Tour d'Auvergne (oil painting by Hyacinthe Rigaud , 1707)

Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne (born August 24, 1643 in Turenne Castle , † March 2, 1715 in Rome ), also called Cardinal de Bouillon , was a French prelate and cardinal dean .

Vita

Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne was the son of Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne , Duke of Bouillon and nephew of Marshal Turenne .

Pope Clement IX created de la Tour d'Auvergne on August 5, 1669 at the age of 25 to cardinal and assigned him the titular church of San Lorenzo in Panisperna , in 1676 he moved to the titular church of San Pietro in Vincoli . He was also Abbot General of Cluny from 1683 to 1715 . Under Pope Alexander VIII , Cardinal de Bouillon rose to the class of Cardinal Bishops and was Cardinal Bishop of Albano from 1689 to 1698 , then from 1698 to 1700 Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Cardinal Subdean, and from 1700 to 1715 Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Velletri and thus also Dean of the College of Cardinals.

Appointed Grand Almosier of Louis XIV after his elevation to cardinal in 1669 , the petitions he made to the king for the benefit of his family members were not heard due to the hostility that War Minister Louvois harbored against his family. He fell from grace in his bitter complaints about the king.

In 1697 he was sent to Rome as an envoy. There, in 1698, he commissioned Pierre Le Gros the Younger, who was then resident there, two grave monuments for his parents, which were to be placed in the Chapelle St. Agathe , a chapel of the smaller transept of the large monastery church of Cluny. Parts of it are now in the Hôtel-Dieu, which was commissioned by the Cardinal and Abbot of Cluny in 1683 . The bas-relief in the lower part of the tomb for his father shows the battle known as the Battle of La Marfée on July 6, 1641, in which the troops of the Dukes of Bouillon and of Soissons defeated the royal army under Richelieu's command.

This affront, unheard of for Louis XIV, caused the king to prohibit the creation of the work of art and to banish the cardinal to Rome for good, where he died in 1715.

Hyacinthe Rigaud created two portraits of the cardinal:

• Portrait du Cardinal de Bouillon ouvrant la Porte de l'Année Sainte 1700 , 1707/1741, 247 × 217 cm, Perpignan, Musée Hyacinthe Rigaud
• Portrait en buste du Cardinal de Bouillon , 1708/1709, 57 × 70 cm, private collection

literature

• François-Xavier Feller: Biography universelle, ou, dictionnaire historique des hommes qui se sont fait un nom par leur génie, leurs talents, leurs vertus, leurs ereurs ou leurs crimes . Volume 2. J. Leroux, Jouby & Cie., Paris 1834, pp. 150-151.
• Felix Reyssié: Le cardinal de Bouillon (1643-1715). Hachette & C., Paris 1899.
• Edward Gilligan:  Cardinal de Bouillon . In: Catholic Encyclopedia , Volume 2, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1907.

Web links

• La Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon, Emmanuel Théodose de. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed February 1, 2017.
• Entry on Emmanuel-Theódose de la Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon on catholic-hierarchy.org ; accessed on February 1, 2017.
• The Hôtel-Dieu in Cluny and the funerary monuments of the Duke and Duchess of Bouillon
• Portrait of the Cardinal

predecessor	Office	successor
Alderano Cibo	Dean of the College of Cardinals 1700–1715	Nicola Acciaiouli
Alderano Cibo	Cardinal Bishop of Ostia 1700–1715	Nicola Acciaiouli
Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni	Cardinal Bishop of Porto 1698–1700	Nicola Acciaiouli
Flavio Chigi	Cardinal Bishop of Albano 1689–1698	César d'Estrées