Attersee shipping
The article Attersee Shipping deals with the history of commercial shipping on the Austrian Attersee , which can be traced back to 1869.
history
Establishment of the first licensed Attersee steamship company
In 1869, Count Khevenhüller-Frankenburg, owner of the Kammer estate , founded the first shipping company on the Attersee . As early as February 1869 he put the Ida screw steamer, which was built by the Ignaz Mayer shipyard in Linz and a little over 15 m long, into service. It was followed in 1870 by the paddle wheel steamer Attersee and in 1872 by the similar paddle wheel steamer Kammer . In the same year, Count Khevenhüller also sold the Ida again to a shipping company on the Mondsee because the English steam engine had insufficient power. The steamships were not only used for passenger traffic, but also carried general cargo and served as tug steamers for the unpowered flattening of the sea freighters. While the Attersee operated satisfactorily, the chamber proved to be unstable and could never be fully extended.
The shipping was taken over by Ida v. Horvath from the female sideline of the count's sex. However, she soon had to sell this to the Viennese silk merchant Ferdinand Peratoner due to considerable debts. The new shipping owner took over both steamers, but gave them new names from the Habsburg dynasty. The steamship Attersee was now called Franz Ferdinand , the steamship chamber was now called Alma . Finally, in 1894, Peratoner procured a screw steamer, which he named Hubert Salvator . This had to be taken out of service at the beginning of the First World War because of the excessive consumption of coal. However, the hull proved to be durable. In 1924 it was sold to the Kalkwerke am Traunsee , where it was given a diesel engine in 1934 and was used as a lime transport ship until the lime works were closed in 1968. Then he was bought by the sea freight company Enichlmayer, who only dismantled the ship in 1978.
Foundation of the electric shipping company on the Attersee
The company Stern & Hafferl , based in Gmunden am Traunsee , founded its own electric shipping company in the winter of 1912/1913 and procured two electric boats from the German shipyard Lürssen in Vegesack, with which they started operations in the summer of 1913. While one electric boat kept the name Attergau until it was retired , the second had four names in the course of its life. Initially referred to as Baron Handel , from 1920 it was only called Handel because of the abolition of the titles of nobility . After Austria was annexed to the Third Reich, it was renamed Heimatgau for political reasons . After the war ended in 1945 it changed its name again. It was now called Burgau until he left .
One or the charging station for all boats was in Attersee or Unterach.
End of the first licensed Attersee steamship service
From 1914 the profitability of steam shipping deteriorated. The coal prices rose and the sea freighters motorized their flats, which led to the end of the dragging of the unpowered flats by the steamers. Parts of the general cargo traffic also migrated to the streets due to the increasing number of trucks. After all, the competition from electric shipping made itself more and more noticeable. In 1916 the shipping owner Peratoner died. The steamship business was now continued by his two daughters. In order to be able to drive more economically and to stand up to the competition, two petrol motor boats were purchased. With the Möve , which is only permitted for 20 people, triangular traffic from Kammer-Litzlberg-Attersee-Weyregg-Kammer was introduced in the upper lake basin. The Weissenbach , which was able to transport some general cargo and mail in addition to 30 people, provided the liner service in winter. Both motorboats did not prove themselves and only drove for one season. After the end of the monarchy, the paddle wheel steamer, formerly known as Attersee and then Franz Ferdinand , was renamed for the second time. The name of the Habsburg Archduke was after the first world war no longer desired (1914-1918), the ship was at the request of the workers' council then in Unterach renamed. After the end of the war, a Romanian trader bought the Alma together with the Traunsee steamship Sophie . The hulls were supposed to be brought to Linz by water to be handed over to the place where the buyer wanted to pay the purchase price. However, the transport by water proved impossible, so that both the Attersee and the Traunsee shipping company received no money. You were caught up in a fraud, the Alma was without machines in the room and had to be broken off. In 1921 the Moravian industrialist Rudolf Randa bought the steamship business with the one remaining steamer Unterach and the property in Kammer from the two Peraton daughters . To have a second ship available, he rented in 1921, first by the Traunsee the screw steamer Maria Valerie and put him as the first ship with steel hull am Attersee as Valerie one. A little later he bought the ship.
Years of electric shipping
The Stern & Hafferl company acquired an old rusted screw steamer for 25 people. Coming from the lower Sava he came to Austria during the chaos of war. It was repaired in the Stern & Hafferl workshop in Gmunden. In 1923 it was put into operation as the Burgau steamship . Because of the large amount of smoke and the flying sparks, it was nicknamed "Fire-breathing mountain" by the inhabitants of the lake towns. After a few months of service, it had to be scrapped due to severe burst pipes and boiler damage.
An accident in the electric shipping industry occurs in the spring of 1922. After a confirmation, the landing stage in Unterach collapsed under the weight of the waiting passengers, especially confirmers and their relatives. There were three dead and many injured. A second accident occurred on September 17, 1923. A sailor and the skipper of an electric boat fell asleep. Without a guide, the ship hit the island of Litzlberg with full force . While the skipper was inspecting the damage from shore, the seaman cut his throat and died. Nothing happened to the only passenger.
Merger of the two companies
Ing.Stern succeeded in concluding a purchase agreement with Mr. Randa regarding steam shipping. The Unterach and the Valerie became the property of Stern & Hafferl in the summer of 1923, the property in February 1924. The villa of the previous owner with the locksmith's workshop set up in it remained in his possession.
Time until the beginning of World War II
Stern & Hafferl put the steamship Valerie out of service in 1928, took it ashore in Attersee and sold the boiler and the engine to an old goods dealer. The planned installation of a wood gas engine turned out to be impossible. In the early 1930s it had to be sold to a scrap iron dealer. As a replacement, a small mahogany hull came onto the Attersee in 1929. Before the First World War, Stern & Hafferl opened a shipping company on Wallersee, which is also in Austria, and used the new electric boat called Wallersee there. The operation was stopped at the beginning of the war and not resumed after the end of the war. The Wallersee now received a diesel engine in Attersee and started moving as the Attersee. The vibrations of the diesel engine led to a "clumsy" driving style. Therefore, the motorboat was only in use from 1929 to 1932 (or 1934?), Then the engine block burst. In 1947 Karl Eder vom Traunsee acquired the hull, converted it into an Erika and started a new shipping company. The transport numbers have increased continuously over the decades. In 1913, around 28,000 people were still transported by electric shipping, by 1937 46,000 passengers were already using the ships on the Attersee. After Austria was annexed to the Third Reich in 1938, the number of passengers increased suddenly. Through the organization Kraft durch Freude (KdF) numerous vacationers came from the Altreich to the Ostmark. In 1939 more than 100,000 passengers had to be carried. That is why Stern & Hafferl ordered a new Munot type ship from the Swiss shipping company Untersee und Rhein from the Bodan shipyard in Kressbronn and made a deposit immediately. However, construction had to be stopped after the outbreak of war.
War and post-war period
Even after the war began, shipping was at full capacity and another ship was required. Stern & Hafferl acquired the smallest Traunsee ship (60 people) at the time, the Traunstein electric boat, from the ship owner Rudolf Ippisch . It came to Attersee on September 29, 1941, was put into operation as Hochlecken and was given the place of the Attersee in the ship's hut . Since the space in Attersee for pulling up the ships on land is more limited and especially the Unterach steamer could not be taken ashore there, the company bought a lake plot of land in Kammer from the owner of Kammer Castle in 1941 .
The use of shipping changed fundamentally in the war years. Up until the beginning of the war, it was mainly tourists and day trippers who used the ship, in addition to the locals. The mail was also transported and, to a lesser extent, some freight. Accordingly, the traffic flow ran in the morning from the Kammer-Bahnverbindungen railway station to the metropolitan areas of Salzburg , Linz and Vienna -to Unterach (i.e. from north to south) and in the afternoon from Unterach to Attersee (from south to north). Now the traffic flow changed. A new cell wool factory was built in Lenzing , to which people from the Attersee area now drove to work. Many also drove to the district capital Vöcklabruck to practice their profession or to deal with matters in the public administration offices . The main flow of traffic now went from south to north in the morning and vice versa from north to south in the evening. In addition to the morning post ship to Unterach and its return to Kammer in the evening, an early ship from Unterach to the Kammer railway station and an evening ship from Kammer at around 6 p.m. to Unterach were required. Because of the danger of air attacks had to drive without lighting. It also required empty trips between Unterach and Attersee every night to recharge the electric boats in Attersee. The passenger frequency was around 200,000 in 1942 and 343,000 in 1944. After the Americans marched into the Attersee area shortly before the end of the war, the soldiers used the electric boats and steamers for their pleasure. A ship's man was allowed to go along later to prevent major damage. Ordinary operations were resumed in July 1945. In the last year of the war and after the end of the war, the population in the Attersee area increased due to the influx of so-called displaced persons , as well as discharged Wehrmacht members and bombed-out residents from the cities of Upper Austria, Salzburg and Vienna. Many of them drove to work in the city and to Lenzing or to the authorities in the district capital. In 1945 the number of passengers transported reached the peak of 425,000 passengers, which has never been reached since then, i.e. around 1200 per day.
Modernization of the ships
As the first ship, Stern & Hafferl subjected the Unterach steamer, which has meanwhile become more than 75 years old, to a total renovation in 1946. The machine and boiler received a general overhaul, more covered interiors, a covered wheelhouse and heating for winter operation. In the winter of 1949/1950, the conversion of the Attergau electric boat into a motor ship was tackled. After the end of the war, the Stern & Hafferl company bought two six-cylinder diesel engines with reversing gear and propeller blanks from the Americans for a planned new ship. One of these aggregates was built into the Attergau to replace the broken down batteries. This not only solved the battery problem for this ship, but also increased the speed from 13 km / h to 21 km / h. The wheelhouse and the superstructures also experienced minor changes. After the batteries of the Hochlecken collapsed in the winter of 1951/1952 , a used diesel engine was built into this ship as a new engine was not available at the time.
In the summer of 1954, the Unterach steamer was converted again . The boiler and the machine were replaced by installing the second diesel engine bought by the Americans at the time. Using two generators from an abandoned rectifier station, two traction motors from a broken-down electric railcar with one of the associated electric locomotive drive switches and a solenoid brake from an old tram sidecar, as well as a newly acquired reduction gear for the paddle wheel shaft, a wheeled motor ship with diesel-electric drive was created. In addition, a further internal and external renovation of the ship took place. Instead of steaming with a crew of 7 as before, the diesel motor ship could now be driven by three people. The Unterach later received a new, more powerful diesel engine. The diesel previously used in the former steamer came to the Burgau ex. Baron Handel , which was rebuilt in the same way as the Attergau . Electric shipping on the Attersee ended and the Attersee charging station was closed.
End of liner shipping
After the return of the bomb victims to the city as well as the former Wehrmacht members to their families and the departure of most of the displaced persons to Germany, the number of passengers fell sharply again in the following years. In 1947 they were 300,000, in 1949 150,000 and in 1954 only 100,000 people. The increase in road traffic meant that general cargo traffic, which in 1944 was still 2,000 t of transported freight, decreased from year to year. Only the mail transport, in the year around 150 t were transported by mail ship in the morning from Kammer to Unterach and back in the evening, still has a significant volume. Stern & Hafferl expanded its bus business, which had existed since 1946. Shipping became more and more a pure excursion and entertainment business.
Only in the late summer of 1959 was shipping again the sole carrier of all passenger and freight traffic for a few weeks. The Seeleithen Bundesstrasse on the east side of the Attersee was buried by a severe landslide. The people had to use the ship again. Finally, on December 31, 1964, Stern & Hafferl terminated the postal contract, ended general cargo traffic and stopped winter operations. Since then, the Attersee shipping has been a purely seasonal shipping.
Replacement of the ships
The ships were all replaced by new ships in the following 10 years and the Atterseefleet was expanded by a fifth ship. The reason was the urging of the Seewalchen community in particular for a tour boat that would run every hour. Stern & Hafferl acquired the motor ship Westfalen from the Schweiger shipping company in Kelheim . This was built in 1965 for the Ruhr valley reservoir in the Lux shipyard in Mondorf near Bonn . In 1968 it came to the Danube. The new ship was on 29 June 1974 in Attersee in the name Attersee baptized and put into service. In 1993, the Attersee received bicycle racks on the roof and can therefore also be used as a "bicycle ship".
The actual ship replacement phase begins in 1977. In that year, Stern & Hafferl vom Tegernsee bought the Wallberg ship, built by Kellerer in Tegernsee in 1931 . After the christening on July 11, 1977 in Attersee, the ship was launched as a new Hochlecken . The old Hochlecken acquired the man-made fiber Lenzing and named it Schloss Kammer . But the planned excursions across the Attersee were only sporadic. Therefore Lenzing sold the ship to a private person in 1996. The ship was leaked in 1997 at Schloss Kammer in a storm. Since then it has stood a few kilometers from the Attersee on land in Gampern and, since the whole hull was already rotten, was scrapped. At the end of October 1978, the former paddle steamer Unterach, now in service as a wheel motor ship, suffered serious engine damage . The investigation revealed significant defects in the hull. Therefore, the Unterach had to be scrapped and scrapped in the winter of 1978/1979. As a replacement, Stern & Hafferl von der Donau acquired the large motor ship Ludwig der Kelheimer , which was only built in 1977 at the Hitzler shipyard in Regensburg . It was set in the lake in the summer of 1979 in Kammer near the Agerbrücke and on July 8, 1979 in Attersee it was named Stadt Vöcklabruck . But soon the Attergau and Burgau had to be replaced. At the end of the 1983 season, the Attergau was shut down. It came to St. Georgen the following year, where it has since been used as a disco bar by the Lieslwirt in the country. As a replacement came again from the Danube ( Wurm & Köck ) from Passau the Bavaria (built in 1970 at the Lux shipyard Mondorf). It was named Unterach when the ship was christened on June 17, 1984 in Unterach .
At the end of the 1988 season, the Burgau had to be shut down. In the spring of 1989 she was jacked up at the Pichlmühle restaurant between Attersee and Nussdorf am Attersee . Over the years, her condition became increasingly desolate. The engine came to the Traunsee and was built into the Rudolf Ippisch there . In the meantime, the Burgau has been removed from its location. It was replaced by the Weyregg . This ship was the first new build since 1913 that was ordered directly for the Attersee. Built by the Schmidt shipyard in Remagen , the German freight forwarder took it as a pledge when it was transferred to the Attersee because the shipyard owed him a large amount of money. The commissioning and christening of the ship then took place on July 1, 1989 in Weyregg .
After the transport services could be provided with the four younger ships, the Hochlecken was taken out of regular service in 1989 and sent to Dr. Neumann junior, also sold by the Stern & Hafferl company. He restored the ship and it can now be rented for special trips. Due to a lack of demand, the ship was sold to the industrialist Hans Asamer in 1999 . He used it to transport guests at his Hotel Schloss Freisitz Roith in Gmunden am Traunsee .
Atterseeschifffahrt today
Today (2014) three ships are available for shipping. Regular operation begins at Easter and ends at the end of October. Since 2007, the flagship, the city of Vöcklabruck , has presented itself in the style of Gustav Klimt , who enjoyed spending his summer at Lake Attersee. In the summer of 2011, the contemporary artist Christian Ludwig Attersee transformed the Weyregg , which is mainly used on the north circuit, with his designs “Fischparade” and “Fischrose” into a floating work of art. On July 9, 2016, the Unterach was also dedicated to an artist, namely Gustav Mahler . There was also an artist competition, and in the end Birgit Schweiger was allowed to paint the ship with a motif that depicts the young Gustav Mahler in his surroundings.
Fleet list
| Serial No. | Name of the ship |
Builder / year of construction of bucket wheel? |
Use of up to |
Load capacity [persons] |
Length [m] |
Power [PS] |
Speed- speed [km / h] |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ida |
Ignaz Mayer Werft , Linz (1869) paddle wheel |
1869-1871 | (Steam) | 15.2 | March 1872 sold to Mondsee , parked there at the end of 1888, anchored in front of Scharfling, scrapped in 1898 | ||
| 2 |
Attersee , from 1872 Franz Ferdinand , from 1918 Unterach |
Ignaz Mayer Werft Linz (1870) paddle wheel |
1870-1988 | 258 (steam) 270 (diesel) |
36.5 | 120 (steam) 175 (diesel) |
20th | 1947 new built-in and superstructures, 1954 conversion into a wheeled motor ship, 1971 fundamental renovation, broken up in 1978 |
| 3 | Chamber , from 1872 Alma | Ignaz Mayer Werft Linz (1872) paddle wheel |
1870-1919 | 238 (steam) | 38.1 | 120 (steam) | 1919 Sale of the machine, hull broken up after 1920 | |
| 4th | Hubert Salvator | Shipyard , Linz (1874) | 1894-1914 | 48 | 16.5 | Sold to the Traunsee in 1924 , converted into a lime transport ship in 1934, converted into a sea freight carrier in 1968, scrapped in 1978 | ||
| 5 | Attergau (electric boat until 1949, then motor ship) | Lürssen , Vegesack (1912) | 1913-1983 | 120 (electric) 110 (diesel) |
21.6 | 18 (electric) 135 (diesel) |
13.5 (electric) 22 (diesel) |
Parked at the end of 1983, sold to Lieslwirt in St. Georgen , there from 1984 on land as a bar |
| 6th |
Baron Handel , from 1920 Handel , from 1938 Heimatgau , from 1945 Burgau
(Electric boat until 1958, then motor ship) |
Lürssen, Vegesack (1912) | 1913-1988 | 120 (electric) 110 (diesel) |
21.6 | 18 (electric) 135 (diesel) |
13.5 (electric) 22 (diesel) |
Parked at the end of 1988, parked at the Pichlmühle restaurant, Nussdorf on land |
| 7th | Valerie | Saxon Steamship and Mechanical Engineering Institute (1895) | 1922-1928 (1938) | 64 | 17th | 64 | First rented by Lake Traunsee, then bought (name there: Marie Valerie ), parked in 1928 and sold the machine, scrapped in 1938 | |
| 8th | Burgau | 1923-1924 | 25 (steam) | Small screw steamer bought by the Save with a steering wheel at the stern, only in service for a few months, then broken up | ||||
| 9 | Gull | 20th | only in use for one summer, whereabouts unknown | |||||
| 10 | Weissenbach | Shipyard Linz | ? | 30th | only in use for one summer, whereabouts unknown. See the district of Weißenbach and Outer Weißenbach | |||
| 11 | Attersee | Rambeck Starnberg shipyard (1911) | 1929-1934 | 28 | 12.5 | |||
| 12 | Licking up | Havel shipyard Potsdam (1911) | 1941-1977 | 60 | 14th | 9 (electric), 1951: 45 (diesel 1), 1967: 65 (diesel 2) |
14 (electric), 19 (diesel) | until 1941 on the Traunsee, then on the Attersee, sold on November 11, 1977 to the chemical fiber Lenzing , there Schloss Kammer , resold in 1996, leaked in a storm in 1997 and on land since then |
| 13 | Attersee | Lux-Werft Mondorf (1965) | 1974-2001 | 190 | 21.1 | 180 | 20th | bought from Germany, ex Westphalia , 2001 sold on the Traunsee as Joseph J. Ruston , 2006 sold to Berlin as La Belle and rebuilt there. |
| 14th | Licking up | Boatyard Kellerer (1931) | 1977-1998 | 70 | 16.3 | 105 | 25th | ex Wallberg vom Tegernsee (-1977), on the Traunsee since (1999-) |
| 15th | City of Vöcklabruck | Hitzler shipyard in Regensburg (1977) | 1979– | 280 | 35.6 | 275 | 22nd | ex Ludwig der Kelheimer of Bayerischer Lloyd "Klimt-Schiff" |
| 16 | Unterach | Lux shipyard Mondorf (1970) | 1984– | 220 | 25th | 205 | 25th | ex Bavaria from Passau "Gustav Mahler Ship" |
| 17th | Weyregg | Schmidt shipyard in Oberwinter (1988) | 1989– | 230 | 26th | 180 | 22nd | New building |
literature
The information on shipping for the period from 1869/70 to 1965 is based on a previously unpublished "Chronicle of shipping on the Attersee based on stories of old people, personal experiences and archival documents still available" by Bahnrat i. R. Paul Romer. The period after 1965 was compiled on the basis of research and with the support of Captain Gottfried Köbrunner, who retired a few years ago.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The secret is out: Birgit Schweiger painted Gustav Mahler for the MS Unterach , salzi.at from July 11, 2016
- ↑ Note paddle wheel = driven by a pair of side paddle wheels
- ↑ Note. Already in 1938 a Nazi- tinged name.
- ↑ Today: Bootsvertrieb und Yachthafen GmbH Werft Rambeck
- ^ The Havelwerft GmbH Potsdam, Neue Königstr. 49; from 1937: Potsdam shipyard, Neue Königstr. 49, Nahe Glienicker Bridge , today Berliner Str.