Emmelina monodactyla
| Emmelina monodactyla | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emmelina monodactyla |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Emmelina monodactyla | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
.jpg)
Emmelina monodactyla is a widespread species from the family of feather moths (Pterophoridae).
features
The moths are pale russet in color and reach a wingspan of 18 to 27 millimeters. The front wings are split up to a third. They have a small, dark brown, elongated spot near the base of the wing tip. The leading edge of the wing of the first wing lobes has a small black point, two more clear points are on the wing tip and on the trailing edge of the first wing lobe. On the outer edge of the second wing lobe there are three black dots near the anal area, on the wing tip and in the middle. The color of the moths is very variable and ranges from dirty white with indistinct markings to a strong rusty brown. The pattern is also different and varies significantly in size. The palps are small and erect, and the second and third abdominal segments are elongated. In the proximal pair of spurs, the laterally protruding spur is only half as long as the next. The veins R 2 and R 3 of the forewings are fused, M 3 and Cu 1 are petiolate. The sides have a brown pattern, and on the top of the narrow long abdomen there are also small black spots arranged in a row.
The caterpillars are greenish-yellow and have a wide green band on their back with a narrow, broken yellow line in the middle. The pinaculae are either black or colored like the neighboring caterpillar skin. Some specimens can also have a wine red mark on the back.
The coloring of the pupae ranges from green to red-brown, sometimes they have black markings.
Similar species
The caterpillars of Emmelina monodactyla are often found associated with those of Pterophorus pentadactyla , but these have a broad, dark topline and are noticeably shorter with hair.
distribution
Emmelina monodactyla has a large distribution area in the Palearctic , it extends in the west from the Azores and Iceland over the European continent and North Africa to Asia ( China , Philippines ). In the Afrotropic one finds the species in Kenya , in the Nearctic in Canada and the United States , in Neotropic in Venezuela and Mexico . The moths occur in all habitats in which the food plants grow.
Way of life
The larvae of emmelina monodactyla live polyphag in these plants, with species from the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia are preferred: field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis ), Convolvulus microphyllus , Convolvulus cantabrica , convolvulus althaeoides ( Convolvulus althaeoides ), Convolvulus floridus , Convolvulus subacaulis , Real bindweed ( Convolvulus sepium ), Calystegia soldanella , Calystegia spithamaea , goosefoot ( Chenopodium ), log ( Atriplex ), Ipomoea purpurea , sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ), Ipomoea hispida , Ipomoea niger (?), Common thorn apple, Datura stramonium .
The beads are of crawler fly (tachinidae; Oxynops anthracinus ), wasps (Ichneumonidae; Phaeogenes Vinci bilis ) and braconids (Braconidae, Cotesia , Apanteles lacteicolor ) parasitized.
The moths hibernate and can be found early in the year.
Flight time
The moths fly throughout the year. It is known from Europe that the larvae live in two overlapping generations from May to September. The moths are crepuscular and nocturnal and are attracted by light.
Systematics
Emmelina monodactyla is the type species of the genus Emmelina , which was originally named Phalaena Alucita monodactyla by Linnaeus in 1758 .
Synonyms
The following synonyms are known from the literature:
- Phalaena Alucita monodactyla Linnaeus, 1758
- Phalaena bidactyla Hochenwarth, 1785
- Alucita pterodactyla Huebner, [1805]
- Pterophorus flaveodactylus Amary, 1840
- Pterophorus cineridactylus Fitch, 1855
- Pterophorus naevosidactylus Fitch, 1855
- Pterophorus impersonalis Walker, 1864
- Pterophorus pergracilidactylus Packard, 1873
- Pterophorus barberi Dyar, 1903
- Pterophorus pictipennis Grinnell, 1908
- Pterophorus monodactylus f. rufa Dufrane, 1960
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Emmelina monodactyla (Linnaeus, 1758). (No longer available online.) Ian Kimber: Guide to the moths of Great Britain and Ireland, archived from the original on October 25, 2007 ; Retrieved April 15, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d C. Gielis: Pterophoroidea & Alucitoidea. In: World Catalog of Insects. Volume 4 , Apollo Books, 2003, ISBN 87-88757-68-4
- ↑ a b c C. Gielis: Pterophoridae. In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (Eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe 1: 1-222. , Apollo Books 1996, ISBN 87-88757-36-6
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. Taxonomy and Photos
- Emmelina monodactyla in Fauna Europaea