Emser puncture
Emser puncture was a declaration made in August 1786 , called punctuation , of the four archbishops of the Holy Roman Empire belonging to the German nation , namely the three spiritual electors and the prince-archbishop of Salzburg. It emphasized the independence of the episcopal authority over the papal authority. The congress met in what is now Bad Ems , in the so-called Mainzer Haus on the left, then Kurmainzischen Lahn side.
Emergence
The trigger was the establishment of a papal nunciature in Munich, from which all dispensations for other spiritual permits that had previously been given by the archbishops should be obtained. The nuncio Giulio Cesare Zoglio immediately took over almost all of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction , while the archbishops forbade their subjects to turn to the papal nuncio. The Nunciature dispute between Rome and the German Empire developed from this.
Emser Congress
The Emser Congress was a meeting of the deputies of the Archbishops of Mainz , Trier , Cologne and Salzburg as well as the Bishop of Freising in Bad Ems. On August 25, 1786, after a four-week consultation, the so-called Emser puncture was adopted.
content
The Archbishops Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal (Mainz), Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony (Trier), Maximilian Franz of Austria (Cologne) and Hieronymus von Colloredo (Salzburg) demanded that the Pope in their districts neither their jurisdiction through exemptions nor their dispensation by making reservations or restricting their legislative power through unauthorized decrees. The succession in the spiritual benefices should cease, benefices in Germany should only be filled with native Germans. The third appellate instance was to establish provincial synodal courts , revise the Aschaffenburg Concordats and, if the Pope did not approve these resolutions, the bishops' complaints should be dealt with by a general German national council. The bishops relied on the principle that every bishop had his power from God just as the Pope had his. No agreement could be reached on other demands, such as the Auxiliary Bishop of Mainz Johann Valentin Heimes for the abolition of celibacy and the abolition of monastery vows.
effect
Emperor Joseph II declared himself ready to protect the rights of the archbishops in the hope that the archbishops would be in agreement with their suffragan bishops . However, they saw the Ems resolutions only as an attempt to expand metropolitan power . The emperor did not pursue the matter any further, and the archbishops themselves became divided. The attempt to emancipate Catholic Germany from Rome ended with a reprimand issued to the four archbishops on the papal side.
literature
- Ernst Münch : History of the Emser Congress and its points, as well as the related nunciature and dispute disputes, reforms and progress of the German Catholic Church at the end of the eighteenth century . Müller Verlag, Karlsruhe 1840.
- Otto Mejer: On the history of the Roman-German question . Mohr, Freiburg / B. 1885 (5 vol .; reprint of Rostock 1871).
- Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. 1888/89.
- Heinrich Aloys Arnoldi, Matthias Höhler (ed.): Diary of the meeting of the four Archbishop's German deputies held at Ems, the complaint of the German National Council against the Roman See, etc. other spiritual rights concerning 1786. Kirchheim, Mainz 1915.
Individual evidence
- ^ Leopold Mozart mentions the archbishop's trip to Ems in a letter; International Mozarteum Foundation : Mozart Letters and Documents - Online Edition. Letter from Leopold Mozart, Salzburg, to his daughter Maria Anna, St. Gilgen, dated September 1, 1786. See: [1] , accessed on April 22, 2017.
- ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin : Das Reich: Peace guarantee and European balance, 1648-1806 , Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart, 1986, ISBN 978-3-608-91074-2 , p. 416