Barnacles

Barnacles
Barnacles
Systematics
Trunk : Arthropod (arthropoda) Sub-stem : Crustaceans (Crustacea) Class : Maxillopoda Subclass : Barnacles (Cirripedia) Superordinate : Thoracica Order : Barnacles
Scientific name
Pedunculata
Lamarck , 1818

Inner structure of a barnacle
left:
P   penis
B   mouth
D   muscle of the carapace
Sn   nervous system
O   esophagus
Od   fallopian tube
Ov   ovary
Gc   cement gland
Right:
an   anus
C   carapace
Vs   seminal vesicle
Sn   nervous system
I   intestine
T   testicle
below:
A1   antennae

The barnacles (Pedunculata) are an order of crustaceans within the subclass of barnacles . Contrary to their German name, they are not mussels . Barnacles live on the hard surfaces of the rocks in the intertidal zone of the sea and on flotsam.

features

Adult barnacles are easily recognizable by their long and muscular stem, which is the front part of the animal's head that has been transformed by the sessile (fixed) way of life. The shell-shaped trunk ("little head" or capitulum ) covered by the two-lobed carapace comprises the six pairs of cirrus , the digestive tract, the genital organs and the abdominal marrow. The cirrus usually hang out a bit. It is noticeable that the barnacles do not have a heart.

Way of life

Barnacles feed on plankton , which they filter from the sea water .

The animals are hermaphroditic . They carry their eggs in so-called egg bags under their shell. These slip Nauplius - larvae that the carapace leave the dam and initially a life in the distant shore open water area ( pelagic result). Eventually they develop into Cypris larvae. These attach themselves with the help of a cement gland in the head and develop into a sessile adult animal at this location .

Among the barnacles of the genera Lepas and Dosima there are cosmopolitans such as Lepas anatifera , Lepas anserifera and Dosima fascicularis , which live on flotsam and are thus spread throughout the world's oceans.

Systematics

The order Pedunculata is divided into four suborders and fourteen families as follows:

• Heteralepadomorpha Newman, 1987
  • Anelasmatidae Gruvel, 1905
  • Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantell, 1921
  • Koleolepadidae Hiro, 1933
  • Malacolepadidae Hiro, 1937
  • Microlepadidae Zevina, 1980
  • Rhizolepadidae Zevina, 1980
• Iblomorpha Newman, 1987
  • Iblidae Leach, 1825
• Lepadomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
  • Lepadidae Darwin, 1852
  • Oxynaspididae Gruvel, 1905
  • Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909
• Scalpellomorpha Newman, 1987
  • Calanticidae Zevina, 1978
  • Lithotryidae Gruvel, 1905
  • Pollicipedidae Leach, 1817 , therein
    • Pollicipes pollicipes
  • Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907

literature

• DT Anderson: Invertebrate Zoology , 2nd Ed., Oxford Univ. Press, chap. 13, p. 292, ISBN 0-19-551368-1
• Richard Stephen Kent Barnes et al. a .: The invertebrates - a synthesis. Cape. 8.6. Blackwell, Malden MA 2001, p. 191. ISBN 0-632-04761-5
• Richard C. Brusca, GJ Brusca: Invertebrates. Cape. 16. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland Mass 2003, p. 511. ISBN 0-87893-097-3
• J. Moore: An Introduction to the Invertebrates. Cape. 13. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2001, p. 193. ISBN 0-521-77914-6
• Edward E. Ruppert, RS Fox, RP Barnes: Invertebrate Zoology - A functional evolutionary approach. Cape. 19. Brooks / Cole, London 2004, p. 605. ISBN 0-03-025982-7
• Bachmann: The barnacle, a special type of cancer. With two illustrations . In: Reclams Universum 25.2 (1909), pp. 1235-1236.

Web links

Commons : Barnacles  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Wiktionary: barnacles  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

1. ^ Joel W. Martin, George E. Davis: An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF file; 757 kB) . In: Science Series 39, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles 2001 ISBN 1-891276-27-1 , ISSN  0076-0943