Nutrition profession
The term nutrition profession summarizes the professions that deal with all aspects of food and luxury foods .
Scope of the occupational field of nutrition occupation
Nutrition professions deal with the production , processing and preparation of food and meals and dishes .
In a broader sense, this also includes their trade and distribution , and also the service in the hotel and hospitality industry and in the food industry . Mostly the same is also included for luxury foods and alcoholic beverages , i.e. the entire food and luxury goods industry, including tobacco products for systematic reasons .
In the most general sense, this also includes numerous other fields of activity dealing with food, such as those of the food chemist or food inspector and those working in quality assurance , but also the restaurant critics , as well as the field of logistics and stock management of food (e.g. ensiling, winery and Transport specialists, packaging, preservation and cooling technology) and the special food procurement (agricultural chewing, cattle dealers, milk buyers and the like). In addition, the field can include nutritional health ( dieticians ) and teaching staff for specialized didactics in nutrition and household economics .
In general, however, this does not include the direct primary production of food, which falls under agriculture , for example cattle breeding and dairy farming , field , fruit and horticulture or fishing and beekeeping .
The professional group picture in the individual countries
Germany: occupational section nutrition of the KldB 92
In the classification of occupations (KldB 92), occupational groups 39–43 were summarized under occupational section III m) - nutrition occupation; KldB2010 currently applies. In the previous version, these were specifically only the production occupations:
- 39 Bakery and confectionery manufacturers
- 40 meat and fish producers
- 401 Butchers and allied professions
- 402 Meat , sausage products manufacturers
- 403 fish products manufacturers
- 41 food preparation
- 411 cooks including various special kitchens , such as large kitchen cooks , diet cooks , ship cooks
- 412 Ready meals , fruit and vegetable preservers and preparers
- 42 beverage and luxury food manufacturers
- 421 wine cellars
- 422 Brewers, Maltsters
- 423 Other beverage manufacturers, tasters , including burners , lemonade and mineral water makers, coffee grinders, and more
- 424 Tobacco maker
- 43 Other nutrition professions
- 431 Milk and fat processors
- 432 Flour and nutrient producers, such as bakers , grain millers
- 433 Manufacturers of sugar , confectionery and ice cream , including chocolatiers
According to official statistics (employment subject to social insurance contributions and unemployment), a total of 635,114 people were employed in the nutrition professions in Germany in 2007 (trend reduced to 93% from 1999), of which one third (33.7%) in manufacturing and two thirds (65, 9%) in the service sector, with the food trade accounting for only 7% of the total number of employees. The remaining 0.4% in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture show the marginal importance of direct marketing of food (direct sales ) in Germany. The proportion of women is 44.9% and the proportion of foreigners is 18.5%. Only half of the employees have completed vocational training.
Austria: Professional field of food
In Austria, only the Ö-ISCO (International Standard Classification of Occupations) is used for economic statistical purposes , in which the professions are systematized by type of activity, not by product. However, the group is used in career information both as a food professional area by the Austrian Employment Service (AMS) and as a food and luxury food / nutrition professional group by the Austrian Chamber of Commerce (WKÖ) in the BIC professional information computer of the Institute for Educational Research in the Economy (iws).
No precise figures are available for Austria due to the differently structured official statistics. Analyzes by Statistics Austria , GfK Austria and the AMS on the labor market, job advertisements and reported vacancies and vacancies give figures for 2008/2009 of around 75,000 employees in the food industry (including all production), and around 60,000 in the classification of the food occupation as the outdated Austrian occupational classification (ÖBS), that is around 1.9% and 1.5% of the total of 4,000,000 employed Austrians. The occupational field of food production and sales is predominantly occupied , of which around 8,300 in beverage production, 5,000 in milk processing, 2,500 in grinding and peeling mills, 2,300 in fruit and vegetable processing and 1,000 in the production of animal feed . The professional field of production of luxury foods and alcoholic beverages only takes up a small part. The proportion of women is only a quarter (24%), the employment rate is falling. The job description is characterized by two tendencies, the trend towards innovative foods ( functional food ) , but also towards unadulterated foods (pure food) , as in Austria, especially in the organic sector , which has seen a strong development in recent years Towards higher and additional qualified professions. The nutrition professions are important both for export (export quota 40% in 2006) and for the domestic economy in the tourism sector .
Switzerland: Professional field of food
In Switzerland, the ISCO (International Standard Classification of Occupations) is used for official statistics, in which the group is not found. The Swiss Cantonal Careers Advisory Service combines the nutrition professions under the occupational field of food .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Labor Office (ed.): Classification of occupations. Systematic directory of job titles . S. 14 ( pdf [accessed September 26, 2013]).
- ↑ Information on KldB2010. In: statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, accessed on September 26, 2013 .
- ↑ 10 nutrition professions (occupational groups 39 - 43). In: Professions in the mirror of statistics. Employment and unemployment 1999 - 2007 (pallas@iab.de). Federal Employment Agency, Institute for Employment Research, accessed on September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ a b food. In: Trends in the Occupational Area: Qualification Barometer. Public Employment Service (AMS), June 2009, accessed on January 29, 2010 .
- ↑ Occupational group: Food and luxury foods / nutrition. (No longer available online.) In: BIC BerufsInformationsComputer. Austrian Chamber of Commerce, Institute for Economic Research in Education, formerly the original ; Retrieved January 29, 2010 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b food → labor market trends. In: Trends in the Occupational Area: Qualification Barometer. AMS, iws, June 2009, accessed January 29, 2010 .
- ↑ a b Food → Employees: proportion of women, proportion of men. In: Trends in the Occupational Area: Qualification Barometer. AMS, iws, June 2009, accessed January 29, 2010 .
- ↑ Occupational field: food. In: Professions and training. The Swiss career guidance on the Internet, berufsberatung.ch, accessed on January 29, 2010 .
