International Standard Classification of Occupations

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The professional classification International Standard Classification of Occupations (German International Standard Classification of Occupations ) is one of the International Labor Organization compiled (ILO), internationally valid mono hierarchical classification scheme for groups of professions . Four versions of the classification have been published since 1957, abbreviated ISCO-58 , ISCO-68 , ISCO-88 and ISCO-08 .

The ISCO is used, among other things, by the European Community and, within it, by individual states as a basis for creating their own professional classifications.

Basics

The standardized classification should make it possible to make population and above all labor market statistics internationally comparable. In addition, it is intended to serve as a model for countries to create their own national occupational classifications. Predecessors are the ISCO-58 and the ISCO-68. The successor ISCO-08 announced for 2008 is in the drafting phase (status: August 2008).

Closely related professions are summarized in a professional group, grouped according to the respective tasks and duties of a person and arranged in a four-level hierarchy, each marked with one to four digit sequences. Since these professional groups and categories cannot simply be transferred to all countries, the individual countries create their national ISCO lists based on this basic concept.

methodology

The ISCO focuses on the skills necessary to fulfill the tasks and duties associated with a job (skills) . A distinction is made between the request level (skill level) and vocational technical specialization (skill specialization) .

  • The requirement level records "the degree of complexity of the tasks" and is defined via the training levels of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), so it is training-oriented. It was divided into four broad categories.
  • The professional specialization covers "the area in which knowledge is required and is determined by the tools and machines used, the materials to be processed and the type of products and services produced."

The ISCO differentiates between four hierarchical levels, the coding of which is numerical:

ISCO-08 ISCO-88
  • Major groups (major groups):
  • Occupational groups (sub-major groups):
  • Professional subgroups (minor groups):
  • Professional categories (unit groups):
010 (0-9)
043 (01-96)
130 (011-962)
436 (0110-9629)
010
028
116
390

ISCO categories

Major occupational groups

ISCO-08 ISCO-88
  1. Executives
  2. Academic professions
  3. Technicians and non-technical jobs of equal rank
  4. Office workers and related professions
  5. Service occupations and salespeople
  6. Skilled workers in agriculture and fishing
  7. Crafts and related professions
  8. Plant and machine operators and assembly professions
  9. Unskilled workers
  11. Members of the regular armed forces
  1. Members Legislators , senior government officials and executives in the private sector
  2. Scientist (also: academician)
  3. Technicians and non-technical jobs of equal rank
  4. Office workers
  5. Service professions
  6. Skilled workers in agriculture and fishing
  7. Crafts and related professions
  8. Plant and machine operators as well as assemblers
  9. Unskilled workers
  11. soldiers

For the respective subdivisions, see there.

Skill levels (ISCED – ISCO correspondence)

The educational levels of ISCED flow into the skill levels (requirement levels) of ISCO in the form of the highest formal qualification .

ISCED level ISCO skill level ISCO-08 main groups, general equivalent
−11 −97  
1 1 Basic education (primary level) 1 9 Unskilled workers
2, 3 2, 3 Secondary education (lower and upper secondary); Basic vocational training, initial vocational training 2 4-8 Skilled workers
5 4, 5B Post-secondary education and tertiary education (non-university short programs) 3 3 Higher skilled workers (A)
6, 7, 8 5A, 6 Higher education (tertiary education, academic) 4th 2 Academic professions
  • ISCED-11 level 4 (post-secondary non-tertiary education) was deliberately not recorded because it is too diverse internationally.
  • The ISCO main groups 0 (military) and 1 (executives) are without any education-specific allocation.
  • The concrete national assignment of certain classes of educational qualifications is based on a suitable classification.
(A) Technician and non-technical professions of equal rank: "Technical and similar tasks in connection with the research and application of scientific or artistic concepts and operating methods as well as governmental or economic regulations."

Acquisitions

Europe: ISCO (COM)

With the ISCO-88 (COM) (of English common , mean (sam) ') has been prepared by the Statistical Office of the European Communities ( Eurostat ) has its own, to meet the needs within the European Community created designed occupational classification based on ISCO-88th It should primarily serve as a common basis for transnational statistical purposes in order to make the national systems established in some European countries, which are difficult to replace by the ISCO, comparable.

The ISCO-88 (COM) was divided into:

  • 10 main professional groups
  • 28 professional groups
  • 116 professional subgroups
  • 390 professions

As part of ISCO-08, it was decided not to develop a special European version. However, the new version is only a recommendation, not mandatory. In some regulations, however, the use of ISCO-08 is explicitly required. Within the new version, the German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) have developed a common German-language version of the explanations of ISCO-08 based on the English-language explanations Version 1.5a from April 2011, since neither the ILO nor the EU publish German versions.

In construction, the European classification of skills / literacy, skills and professions ( European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations , ESCO) that the embedding of ISCO in the European Qualifications Framework makes, and will be available in 26 languages.

Austria: Ö-ISCO

The Ö-ISCO (today ÖISCO) occupational classification used in Austria was created by Statistics Austria on the basis of ISCO-88 (COM) . It replaced the Austrian occupational classification (ÖBS) used from 1961 to 1991 . At the lowest level, ÖISCO-88 comprised 372 professional categories. In 2009 it was decided to use the ISCO-08 directly (ÖISCO-08, in the German version).

At Ö-ISCO, four additional characteristics are given, in which the size of the company , the branch , the education and the position within the company are given.

Germany: KldB instead of ISCO

In Germany, the ISCO (COM) is mainly used by private companies to ensure the Europe-wide comparability of statistical surveys. The classification of occupations (KldB 2010) of the Federal Statistical Office is still established .

The international standard classification of occupations relates to legal regulations for the EU Blue Card for people who exercise certain occupations - currently occupations from groups 21, 221 or 25 ( Section 2 (2) Employment Ordinance), i.e. (as of 2018) natural scientists, Mathematicians, architects, spatial, urban and transport planners, designers, engineers, engineers, human medicine (except dentists) and academic specialists in information and communication technology.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Information on ISCO-08. ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik.at archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. statistik.at
  2. ↑ cf. about levels of Education: Relation between ISCO skill level and ISCED Categories. Fernuni Hagen: Telematic Multidisciplinary Assistive Technology Education , accessed March 4, 2015;
    Statistics Austria: Introduction to the Ö-ISCO . (1992), 2 The concept of ISCO-88. P. 2 f (pdf, statistik.at).
  3. ^ Wording of the German-language explanation of the ISCO.
  4. ^ Warwick Institute for Employment Research : Application of ISCO-88 as an EC standard . As of November 27, 2007.
  5. ↑ Explanations of ISCO-08 . German version, April 2011 (pdf, statistik.at).
  6. ↑ A European Classification of Skills / Competencies, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO). European Commission> Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (accessed November 27, 2017).
  7. ↑ Development of ÖISCO-08. ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik.at archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. statistik.at
  8. ^ Statistics Austria: Introduction to the Ö-ISCO . (1992), Chapter 4.1 Use of auxiliary features. P. 5 (pdf, statistik.at).