Occupation classification
As job classification or occupational classification is called classifications and classifications of occupations according to different characteristics.
Systematics
Economic classification
The official statistics of the 19th century go back to classifying occupations according to the branch (the economic branch ). This is what today's occupational groups such as construction , health and service professions go back to. These are usually systematized today within the framework of economic classification, in particular the international statistical classification of economic sectors (NACE) or the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) . Such systematics are particularly widespread with regard to training and labor market statistics.
International occupational classification: ISCO
The International Labor Organization ( International Labor Organization ) developed an international classification system in the 1960s, professional groups , the International Standard Classification of Occupations , which was adjusted in 1988 to reflect changes in the world of work in the developed world (ISCO-88). European takeover is ISCO-88 (COM). The current version is ISCO-08.
On the basis of this classification, the position of people in the social hierarchy of society can be determined in international comparisons. The major groups are in professional groups, minor groups and professional groups divided, each profession so that a four-digit code number can be assigned to a unit group.
System according to vocational qualification
Even after the vocational training (highest formal professional qualification) one systematizes.
The structure, as given in the International Standard Classification of Education ( ISCED ) of UNESCO, also flows into the ISCO (large groups of unskilled workers , skilled workers , academic professions ).
Classifications
According to profession
The simplest classification according to the profession is in
as well as pupils / students and pensioners in a broader sense .
There are also other traditional class professions, such as craft trades , master trades , academic professions , etc.
Occupation prestige rank index - SIOPS
The prestige of occupations is used as a relatively meaningful category in studies of the sociology of education. Donald J. Treiman developed the Standard Index of Occupational Prestige Scala (SIOPS) (also called Treiman Index) on the basis of the ISCO classification system from 1968 and was able to prove that the prestige rank of occupations is largely independent of national differences. The index can have values from 0 to 100. It is collected , for example, in the ALLBUS surveys.
International Socio-Economic Index - ISEI
Harry BG Ganzeboom also developed a hierarchical scale for the socio-economic index ( International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status ) on the international classification system of occupations (ISCO-68 ). This is based on income, education and occupation and assumes that every professional activity requires a certain level of education and entails a certain income. The professional activity can be scaled hierarchically due to the bracketing of level of education and income.
Erikson Goldthorpe Portocarero classes - EGP classes
Further indicators for the socio-economic position of the parents are their employment status (i.e. full-time or part-time employment or unemployed) and their occupation. It can be recorded through the division into social classes, the so-called EGP classes , named after the social scientists Robert Erikson , John Goldthorpe and Lucienne Portocarero . The EGP classes are also based on the classification of occupations by the International Labor Organization. The professions are differentiated according to
- the type of activity (manual, non-manual, agricultural),
- the position in the job (self-employed, dependently employed),
- the authority to issue instructions (none, minor, major),
- the qualifications required to practice the profession (none, low, high),
differentiated, which shows a differentiated picture of the parents' employment. The seven (or ten) classes would therefore be:
- Upper class (such as top managers) and
- Lower service class with high qualifications who are employed, for example senior civil servants, doctors, professors
- Employees in the executive non-manual class with limited decision-making powers (class 3a) and with low-skilled routine activities (class 3b, e.g. cashiers)
- Self-employed outside agriculture (4a and 4b) and farmers (4c)
- Workers , technicians, (5)
- qualified ("learned") workers , skilled workers (6)
- Unqualified ("unlearned") workers (7a) as well as those employed in agriculture without training (7b)
Magnitude Prestige Scale (MPS)
The magnitude prestige scale measures the social prestige enjoyed by a certain occupation or occupational group in a society.
National
Germany
In addition to the ISCO, the classification of occupations (KldB 1988 and KldB 1992) and the classification of occupations 2010 , which do not match the ISCO, apply in Germany .
Austria
The Public Employment Service differentiates in the AMS occupation systematics ( occupational information system BIS) 24 occupational areas , the Austrian Chamber of Commerce (WKÖ) in the occupational information computer ( BIC of the Institute for Educational Research of the Economy iws) 21 occupational groups and also fields of work . These two systems are largely identical and are primarily based on the requirements of the labor market.
In addition, in Austria which applies job classification Ö-ISCO the German-speaking ISCO-08, the used from 1961 to 2001, in today's version Austrian Occupation Classification has replaced (ÖBS).
Social Legal and tax respectively trade law you divided the work into employees , independent contractors , contract staff , officials , business professionals ( Free trade , regulated trade , part Commercial ) professions basic industry , the professions , new independence , as well as family workers .
Switzerland
The Swiss cantonal vocational advice service berufsberatung.ch separates the following occupational fields - these are to be restructured with a new education ordinance (BiVo), which will come into force on January 1, 2009. The NOGA system applies for statistical purposes .
The career choice diary has a similar, coarser classification .
See also
- Economic sector
- Industry (industry)
Web links
- International standard classification of occupations according to main occupational groups according to ISCO-88 (1988 version) by the International Labor Organization
Individual evidence
- ↑ International Standard Classification of Occupations (for the purposes of the European Union), Version 1988, ISCO-88 (COM)
- ↑ Federal Employment Agency: Systematics and directories of the KldB 2010
- ↑ Trends in the occupational area: Qualification barometer. Public Employment Service (AMS), accessed on January 29, 2010 .
- ↑ occupational groups. (No longer available online.) In: BIC BerufsInformationsComputer. Austrian Chamber of Commerce, Institute for Economic Research in Education, archived from the original on August 21, 2009 ; Retrieved January 29, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fields of work. (No longer available online.) In: BIC. Austrian Chamber of Commerce, Institute for Economic Research in Education, archived from the original on August 21, 2009 ; Retrieved January 29, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Occupational fields. In: Professions and training. The Swiss career guidance on the Internet, berufsberatung.ch, accessed on August 8, 2008 .
- ^ Jakob Rösch: Reform of agricultural vocational training. (doc; 52 kB) AVIFORUM, August 8, 2007, accessed on August 8, 2008 .
- ^ Erwin Egloff: Career choice diary . 14th edition. Lehrmittelverlag d. Canton of Aargau, 1999, ISBN 978-3-906738-01-7 .
