Air raid auxiliary service
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The Luftschutzhilfsdienst (LSHD) was a civil defense institution in West Germany founded in 1957 with the “First Act on Measures to Protect the Civilian Population”, which was legally dissolved in 1968 and in 1971 finally integrated into disaster control . It was still shaped by the impressions of the Second World War , specially set up for the defense case , V case, and should be active after an air raid. Its special tasks were the rescue of people, animals and property, the repair of destroyed infrastructure and the determination of damage.
organization
The LSHD was subordinate to the Federal Office for Civil Protection (BzB) in the Federal Ministry of the Interior , a predecessor of today's Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief . It was thus equipped with federal funds. The units were mostly assigned to aid organizations , the fire brigade and the technical relief organization and staffed with volunteers, even though the LSHD was an independent institution with its own training facilities. But there were also so-called management units that were set up by the municipalities / municipalities . The air raid aid service was divided into so-called standby services , which were set up locally and regionally. These are made up of several trains and specialist groups. As a rule, three platoons each formed a standby.
With the law for the extension of the disaster control the air raid service was dissolved, since now the " extended disaster control " took its place as the provision of personnel from the normal disaster control for the case of defense. The equipment of the LSHD partly fell to other organizations, was separated or sold.
In order to cope with its tasks, the LSHD was divided into several specialist services.
Specialist services
Air raid NBC service
The air protection NBC service was responsible for NBC protection in the V case . Its tasks were in particular the reconnaissance and exploration of areas which were contaminated with atomic, biological and chemical substances, especially warfare agents. He was also entrusted with the decontamination of people, devices and surfaces. For this purpose, he was organized in air raid NBC squads , local air raid NBC readiness and supra- local air raid NBC measurement readiness . These were usually equipped with advance detoxification vehicles (VEF), water tankers (TW 30), detoxification vehicles ( EF) with detoxification trailers ( EA) as well as radio command vehicles , compressor units (KA) and field cookers for supply.
Air raid rescue service
The air raid rescue service was numerically the largest specialized service after the air raid fire protection service. His tasks were the rescue and recovery of people and property from rubble after an air attack, as well as clearing and repairing to restore an infrastructure. The air raid rescue service was organized into air raid rescue rescue teams , local and regional air raid rescue teams , as well as local and regional air raid raids. It was equipped with radio command vehicles (FukoW), team vehicles ( MKW), equipment vehicles (GKW) and rescue vehicles (BSW).
Air raid fire protection service
The air protection fire protection service was the largest specialist service in the air protection auxiliary service and was closely linked to the local fire services . Only the regional readiness of the fire protection service was set up independently of the existing fire brigades. Accordingly, the training was also carried out according to fire service regulations . The fire protection service had two main areas of responsibility: fire fighting / rescuing people and pumping water . The water supply, in turn, should supply fire fighting units or provide drinking and service water to the civilian population. The fire protection service was set up in local and regional air protection fire brigades and in air protection fire brigade rapid teams.
Local air raid fire brigade readiness
The supra-local air protection fire brigade readiness (short: üöLS-FB) was a tactical unit of the air protection fire protection service. It consisted of two fire fighting trains (A trains), a fire water supply train (W train) and a supply train. The staff was provided by volunteers from the civilian population, while the vehicles and equipment e.g. Some of them came from federal procurement, but were also mobilized from the civilian population (motorcycles, cars and trucks). According to the strength and equipment certificate (STAN), the üöLS-FB consisted of 88 helpers and was made mobile with 22 vehicles and a trailer.
organization
Leadership group
The management group was the top management unit of the fire department. It consisted of the standby leader, his driver, two telecommunications and was able to fall back on a radio command vehicle (Fukow) with a hand-held radio unit FuG 6 or FuG 6a and a motor vehicle radio unit FuG 7 or FuG 8. In addition there was a platoon leader z. b. V. and a detector, each of which was movable with a motorcycle (motorbike).
Extinguishing attack move
The air protection and fire brigade readiness had two attack trains, each from
- a leadership team,
- an advance deletion squadron,
- two tank firefighting parties and
- a deletion group
passed.
The leadership team consisted of a platoon leader, a telecommunications operator and a driver who had a passenger car; the driver was also a paramedic. A hand-held radio unit FuG 6 or FuG 6a was available to the train driver . The pre-extinguishing season consisted of a squadron leader, two squad leaders and two troop men (helper) and a machinist, who is also drivers of advance fire engine was (VLF). Each of the two tank fire brigades consisted of a troop leader, a troop man (helper) and a machinist, who was also the driver of the tank fire engine 8 (TLF 8). The fire fighting group was equipped with a fire fighting vehicle 16 with a portable pump (LF 16-TS) and consisted of a group leader, three troop leaders, three troop men (helpers), a detector and the machinist / driver. Each fire-fighting attack consisted of 24 helpers.
Extinguishing water supply train
Every air-raid fire brigade had an extinguishing water supply train, which consists of
- a leadership team,
- a tank fire fighting team,
- a hose extinguishing team and
- a deletion group
composed.
The command team and the fire fighting group were equipped and composed in the same way as in the fire fighting platoon. The tank and hose firing squadrons were made up of the same personnel as the advance firefighting squadron in the fire fighting platoon, but had a tank fire engine 16 with a squadron crew (TLF 16) or a hose truck with a squadron crew (SKW). The extinguishing water supply train thus also comprised a total of 24 helpers.
Supply train
The supply train did not have its own command unit. The train driver, who was also the "Schirrmeister device", and the "clerk", who was also a medic and driver, occupied a passenger car. In addition there was a detector with a motorcycle (motorbike). A motorized turntable ladder (DL) from "peace holdings of the fire brigade" also joined the supply train . The "Schirrmeister, motor vehicles" and a "motor vehicle craftsman", who is also a driver, occupied a medium-sized truck (mLkw) with a payload of 3.5 t, loaded with "50 fuel canisters, 20 liters" (1000 liters of fuel) and tools was ("Schirrmeister truck"). There was also another mLkw, which was manned by the "accounting officer", a cook and a "car mechanic" who was also a driver. This mLkw ("catering truck") served as a towing vehicle for a field cooker (FKH) and was u. a. Equipped with 7 "food containers 13 liters" and 10 "water canisters, 10 liters". The supply train thus had a strength of 10 helpers.
Air raid telecommunications service
The air defense telecommunications service should follow an air raid on the Federal Republic in the defense case to restore the communication between the parts of the air-raid Relief Service and maintained. In addition, the telecommunications service should establish and coordinate a communication link between standby personnel and their staging areas. The telecommunications were organized in air raid telecommunication trains and motorized regional air raid telecommunication trains, whereby - as the names already indicate - only the regional trains were equipped with vehicles. They were able to fall back on the radio vehicles (FuKW), telephone vehicles ( FeKW), loading and maintenance vehicles (LuIkw), as well as field cookers for catering, some of which are still used today . In addition, the local air raid telecommunication trains (mot) had a radio command car (FuKow). The LSHD telecommunications trains were equipped with FuG 7a radios.
Air raid control and social service
The primary task of the air raid control and social service was to direct the stream of refugees from bombed-out cities, to look after the people and to provide them with essentials. This also included the provision of (emergency) accommodation, as well as their operation and maintenance. The air raid control and social service consisted of several air raid control units, which were equipped with trucks, cars, radio command vehicles , field cookers and their own NBC measuring units.
Air raid control readiness
The air protection steering readiness (short: LS-LB ) was a tactical unit of the air protection steering and social service. It consisted of two steering trains , a social train and a supply train . The staff was provided by civilian volunteers, while the vehicles and equipment were federally procured. According to the strength and equipment certificate (STAN) , the LS-LB consisted of 123 helpers, of which a maximum of 17 women.
task
The task of the air protection steering readiness was to channel the flow of refugees from bombed cities in the event of war and to provide social care and food for the people. Furthermore, it should procure, maintain and operate accommodation. Like all units of the air raid auxiliary service, the operational readiness should also be able to act in the event of major incidents and disasters. Thus they can be used as precursor of the later service features of civil protection be seen.
organization
Leadership group
The management group was the top management unit of the steering readiness. She sat down on the readiness leader , whose driver, a communicator and two Kradmeldern together. She could fall back on a radio command vehicle and two motorcycles .
Steering cable
The air raid steering readiness had two steering trains, each of which consisted of a leadership team, three groups and an NBC measuring team. The management team consisted of a platoon leader , a telecommunications operator and three motorcyclists who had three motorcycles and a car. Each group was housed on a truck and consisted of a group leader and eight helpers. The ABC measuring team included a squad leader and two helpers who had a car. Each steering train consisted of 35 helpers.
Social train
Each air raid steering readiness had a social train, which was composed of a management team, a catering group, an accommodation group and a social care group. The leadership team consisted of a platoon leader, a telecommunications operator and three motorcyclists who had three motorcycles and a car. The catering group consisted of twelve helpers. Of these, the group leader, four helpers and two cooks occupied a truck. Four other helpers and a cook had a field kitchen wagon . The accommodation group consisted of a group leader, a squad leader and a helper on a truck, as well as a group leader, four squad leaders and a helper on a station wagon . The social care group occupied two trucks, each with a squad leader and five helpers, with one truck also being manned by a group leader. The social train thus comprised 39 helpers.
Supply train
The supply train did not have its own command unit. The train driver occupied a truck together with the mechanic and a "craftsman". There was also another truck manned by a cook and a helper. This served as a towing vehicle for a field cooker . Another helper and driver occupied a station wagon. A motorcycle rounded off this eight-person unit.
Air raid medical service
The air raid medical service in Germany was the central specialist service of the air raid auxiliary service that was established after the Second World War and was disbanded in 1961 and to which all other specialist services were supposed to work. Its job was to take care of victims after air raids. For this purpose, the air raid medical service had air raid field operating theaters in which emergency operations were also possible. Organizationally, the air raid medical service was divided into local and regional ambulance trains, as well as regional medical services. Classical application means were large-capacity ambulances , ambulances , radio command car (FuKoW) and mobile generators and field cookers .
From the air defense medical service went Fachdienst medical service of the later civilian population protection out.
Air raid veterinary service
The air defense veterinary service was a specialty among the specialist services of the air defense auxiliary service. It should help farmers protect livestock from air raids and ensure the supply of food. The only unit type was the supra-local air raid veterinary train which was headed by a veterinarian as a standby leader. The veterinary service did not have its own resources; in the event of a defense or tension, the civilian population had to order them.
Identification of specialist services
With the exception of the air protection and fire protection service, the LSHD emergency vehicles were painted in the color "khaki gray" ( RAL color 7008).
The specialist services were assigned different colors and corresponding tactical symbols to distinguish them:
| Specialist service colors | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specialist service | Specialist service color | Tactical sign | ||||||||
| ABC service |
Fawn brown (RAL 8007) |
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| Rescue service |
Graphite black (RAL 9011) |
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| Care service |
Emerald green (RAL 6001) |
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| Fire protection service |
Fire red (RAL 3000) |
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| Telecommunications service |
Lemon yellow (RAL 1020) |
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| Leadership service |
Pearl white (RAL 9020) |
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| Steering service |
Red orange (RAL 2001) |
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| medical corps |
Ultramarine blue (RAL 5002) |
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| Utility service | Red purple (RAL 4001) |
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| Veterinary service |
Light pink (RAL 3015) |
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See also
swell
- Federal Office for Civilian Civil Protection (Ed.): Strength and equipment certificate (STAN) No. 101 of the supra-local air raid fire brigade readiness (LS-FB) from June 1, 1960.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Claus Tiedemann: The Federal German Civil Defense from 1950 (pdf), Hamburger Feuerwehr-Historiker eV, 2013, p. 6 (accessed on April 7, 2020).
- ↑ Federal Office for Civilian Civil Protection (BzB): collar tabs, woven for LSHD helpers March 1960, p. 1 (accessed on March 30, 2020).
- ↑ Federal Office for Civil Protection (BzB): Compilation of the tactical signs for the telecommunications service January 1, 1968, p. 1 (accessed on April 7, 2020).
Web links
- Federal Office for Civilian Civil Protection (ed.): The air raid service: What it is and what it wants . Bad Godesberg 1961. (PDF; 4.08 MB)
- Collection of LSHD-STAN on the BBK website