Archbishop's Archives in Gniezno
| Archbishop's Archives in Gniezno
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|---|---|
| Archive type | Church archive |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 32 '15.9 " N , 17 ° 35' 35.3" E |
| place | Gniezno |
| Visitor address | ul. Kolegiaty 2, PL 62-200 Gniezno |
| founding | 1960 |
| Age of the archive material | <1000 years |
| carrier | Roman Catholic Church |
| Website | http://www.archiwum.archidiecezja.pl |
The Archbishopric Archive of Gniezno ( Polish Archiwum Archidiecezjalne w Gnieźnie ) is an archive of the Archdiocese of Gniezno , which includes the archdiocese's archives as well as the historical cathedral library. It was founded in 1960 by the Primate Poloniae Stefan Wyszyński and is located on the Lech hill in Gniezno ( German Gnesen ).
history
The Archbishop's Archives in Gniezno was founded in 1960 by the Polish primate Stefan Wyszyński with the aim of storing, processing and conserving the archives of the archdiocese and making them accessible for scientific research. At Wyszyński's request, the historical cathedral library of Gnesen, with some of the most valuable monuments of Polish and European culture, became part of the new Archbishop's Archives. It came into the possession of one of the oldest libraries in Poland.
The foundation, development and history of the former cathedral library goes back to the 11th century and is closely related to the establishment of the Archdiocese of Gniezno and thus the establishment of the first Polish state. With the constitution of the cathedral chapter , the establishment of a cathedral library became necessary. Her books have been kept in the Arch-Cathedral of Gniezno from the beginning , in various chapels, on their upper floors, above the sacristy and the choir, and in chambers under the north tower of the Arch-Cathedral. In 1754, rooms were added to the northern narthex of the arch-cathedral to meet the special needs of a library. But the stock of books increased so quickly by the middle of the 20th century that a few floors in the adjoining tower and the attic of the entire north aisle were expanded in the 1960s to make room. In 1998 the cathedral library was moved together with the entire holdings of the archbishop's archive to the new headquarters on the Lech hill.
The former cathedral library survived several forays throughout history. It suffered its first heavy losses in 1038 or 1039 by the Czechs under Břetislav I. It is believed that the annals of the Gniezno cathedral chapter, which were the oldest hagiography of Adalbert of Prague , the first saint in Poland, were lost. The library had to accept further losses in its holdings mainly due to the transports to Chęciny or Ożarow in times of political unrest and wars. B. 1331 during an attack by the Teutonic Order , but partly also as a result of the severe fire of the Arch Cathedral in 1613. During the attack by the Swedes in the second half of the 17th century, the cathedral library lost many works. During the Second World War , the Germans deported the entire cathedral library from Gniezno to Posen, and then all valuable manuscripts to Germany. Immediately after the liberation in 1945, Poland began searching for this property, reclaimed it and restored the looted monuments of Polish culture. The books in the cathedral library could be brought back to their original location in the post-war years.
Duration
In addition to the archives of the Archdiocese of Gniezno, according to Cardinal Wyszyński's specifications, the historical book collection of the former cathedral chapter library, which has been in existence since the 11th century, belongs to the holdings of the Archbishopric Gniezno, one of the oldest libraries in Poland. With this book collection, the archive - despite the losses mentioned - currently has approx. 80,000 books, over 1,100 parchment and paper manuscripts, over 1,350 incunabula (third largest collection in Poland) and approx. 78,000 printed matter.
The most important works include:
- Carolingian Gospels - a manuscript from around 800 ( Sign.BK Ms 1 )
- Codex aureus Gnesnensis - from 1085 ( BK Ms 1a )
- Missale Plenarium - the only missal in Poland with neumes (from the 2nd half of the 11th century, probably written in Bavaria) ( BK Ms. 149 )
- Gniezno bull of Pope Innocent II - known as the Golden Bull of the Polish language (from 1136)
- Codex Crusviciense - a gospel book of the Saxon-Westphalian school in Helmarshausen (from 1160)
- Skotnicki Bible (from the 14th century)
- Biblia Sacra - a masterpiece of late Gothic book illumination from the workshop of Laurin von Klatovy with 128 figurative and ornamental initials (from 1414)
The archive has been publishing the Studia Gnesnensia since 1975 .
Remarks
- ↑ Jadwiga Ryl: Catalog rekopisów biblioteki katedralnej w Gnieznie [catalog of the manuscripts of the Cathedral Library at Gniezno]. In: Archiwa, biblioteki i muzea kóscielne. Organ Osrodka Archiwów, Bibliotek i Muzeów Kóscielnych przy Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim. Oraz Archiwum Diecezjalnego we Wloclawku (= Archiva, bibliothecae et musea ecclesiastica, Institutum Archivorum, Bibliothecarum, Museorumque Ecclesiasticorum Catholicae Universitatis Lublinensis. ) Vol. 45, 1982, pp. 5-201; Vol. 46, 1983, pp. 5-149.
- ↑ Jerzy Strzelczyk : Gospels with Irish glosses (February 19, 2006). In: Alfried Wieczorek , Hans-Martin Hinz (eds.): European Center around 1000. Catalog volume for the Council of Europe exhibition in Berlin, among others, 2000–2002. Theiss, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 414-415.
- ↑ Jerzy Strzelczyk: Missale plenarium (January 26, 2004). In: Alfried Wieczorek, Hans-Martin Hinz (eds.): European Center around 1000. Catalog volume for the Council of Europe exhibition in Berlin, among others, 2000–2002. Theiss, Stuttgart 2000, p. 524.
- ^ Andrea Worm: The Helmarshausen Gospels in Gnesen. Visual program and iconography. In: Journal of the German Association for Art History. Vol. 56/57, 2002/03, pp. 49-114.
- ↑ ZDB ID 307786-x ; Website of the magazine .