Eschinerburg

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The Eschinerburg (also Eschinerberg ) is a legendary, only of traditions known castle in the area of present-day Liechtenstein . Several attempts were made to locate them in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Research history

The existence of a castle with the name Eschinerburg in today's Liechtenstein is only passed down in the form of folk tales . The historian Peter Kaiser writes it ajar in his 1847 published history of the principality of Liechtenstein on his home Moors : "The Veste, Eschinerberg 'stood on a hill near this village which, Hinterbül' called; it has long been destroyed and there is hardly a trace of it to be seen. ”He tells of a legend that is told about this medieval castle:

“An old folk tale lets a grim captain live on it, and because neither property nor innocence was safe from him, the men took heart, killed the captain and broke the castle. In the meantime the women had prepared them a meal consisting of cake and milk. "

Kaiser referred to a hill called Gupfenbüchel ("Gopfaböchel") or Schlossbüchel in the municipality of Mauren with an approx. 50 meter long plateau, which, due to its striking shape, repeatedly attracted treasure hunters from the rural population. In 1864, the Vorarlberg amateur archaeologist John Sholto Douglass undertook a sounding on the hill. However, he did not find any structural remains and only a few objects, most of which have now disappeared. The metal objects were a bronze needle, a bent piece of bronze wire and a sheet of copper pressed together into a tube. Douglass therefore rejected the assumption of emperor and believed in a Celtic or Rhaetian fortress on the hill. This, in turn, was contradicted in 1914 by the Viennese prehistorian Oswald Menghin , who interpreted the Gupfenbüchel as a medieval local mountain (Motte) or as a refuge without having carried out any excavations himself . In a commentary in the Liechtenstein Book of Documents, the historian Georg Malin agreed in the mid-1960s to accept the emperor and Menghin. In the copy of the land register of the Schellenberg lordship published there in 1698, the substance of which goes back to the High Middle Ages , a “burgstall” is mentioned in Mauren. Malin sees this as proof of the Eschinerburg. According to the current state of research, historical development on the hilltop can neither be confirmed nor ruled out.

Independently of the Gupfenbüchel in Mauren, the Eschinerburg was also searched for in other places. In 1916, board members of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein organized an excavation at the Lutzengüetle archaeological site in Gamprin , which was specifically about the search for the Eschinerburg. These and probably other unscientific excavations led to a disruption of the structures there, which was criticized in later excavations under Adolf Hild (1937) and David Beck (1942–45). It is possible that the Lutzengüetlekopf was actually used as a refuge until the Middle Ages. Another theory connected the Eschinerburg with the archaeological site of Borscht in Schellenberg . A use of the ramparts there until the early Middle Ages cannot be ruled out. A similarity in name of the Eschinerburg with the Eschnerberg , on which the Lutzengüetle is located, for example through sound shift, is at least noteworthy. Confusion with the Schellenberg castles ( Alt-Schellenberg ruins or Neu-Schellenberg ruins ), which are also located on the Eschnerberg, seems possible.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eschinerburg - Historical Lexicon. Retrieved May 3, 2020 .
  2. ^ A b Peter Kaiser: History of the Principality of Liechtenstein. Along with descriptions from Chur-Raetien's past . Chur 1847, p. 163 ( eliechtensteinensia.li ).
  3. ↑ a b c Gupfenbüchel (Gopfaböchel) - Historical Lexicon. Retrieved May 3, 2020 .
  4. ^ A b John Sholto Douglass: Over a fortified hill near Mauren in Liechtenstein . In: Accountability report of the committee of the Vorarlberger Museums-Verein in Bregenz . Bregenz 1865, p. 69 .
  5. ^ Oswald Menghin: The local mountain of Mauren in the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 14 . Vaduz 1914 ( eliechtensteinensia.li ).
  6. ↑ Georg Malin (Ed.): Liechtenstein Document Book . tape 1 , no. 4 . Vaduz 1965, p. 496-497 ( eliechtensteinensia.li ).
  7. ^ Adolf Hild: Lutzengüetle (excavation 1937) . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 37 . Vaduz 1937, p. 87 ( eliechtensteinensia.li ).
  8. ↑ Lutzengüetle (Lotzagüetle) - Historical Dictionary. Retrieved May 3, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Borscht (Buerst) - Historical Lexicon. Retrieved May 3, 2020 .