Donkey wolf milk glass winged wing
| Donkey wolf milk glass winged wing | ||||||||||||
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Donkey wolf glass-winged |
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| Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis | ||||||||||||
| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
The donkey wolf's milk glass winged ( Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis ) is a butterfly from the family of the glass winged (Sesiidae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 12 to 21 millimeters. The antennae are yellow on the outside, there is no white border in front of the eyes on the forehead. In the males, the labial palps are hairy in tufts. There are clear yellow spots in the apical area of the forewings. The posterior rails ( tibia ) are marked distally with a black ring. On segments two, four and six of the abdomen there are narrow white rings and more or less sharply drawn yellow rings. A yellow coloration is also often found on other segments. The outer clear areas of the wing are usually taller than wide and consist of four cells. There is a clear yellow spot between wires R3 and R4 . The longitudinally located transparent area is reduced or completely absent in the females.
Similar species
Together with the cypress wolffish glass-winged winged species ( Chamaesphecia empiformis (Esper, 1783)) and Chamaesphecia hungarica (Tomala, 1901), the species is difficult to distinguish from one another.
Occurrence
The Eselswolfsmilch-Glasflügler is native to the Palearctic and is only found sporadically. Its distribution area extends from the Iberian Peninsula through France , Germany , the Czech Republic , Slovakia and Hungary over the Balkan Peninsula to eastern Turkey and from there extends over Transcaucasia and southern Russia to Lake Baikal . The species is found on mesophilic , grassy spots, roadsides, river banks, dykes, forest edges and pastures.
Way of life
The females lay the eggs individually on the leaves or the stem base of the host plant. The larvae live individually in the rhizome of the donkey spurge ( Euphorbia esula ). With sufficiently large rhizomes, up to three larvae were found in a plant. Further host plants are the willow-leaved spurge ( Euphorbia salicifolia ) and the rod-shaped spurge ( Euphorbia virgata ). In most cases, the larvae are adult and create either a cocoon or a short spine tube in the upper part of the root stock for pupation. Only a few larvae of earlier larval stages overwinter to complete their development in spring. When searching for nectar, the moths were mainly observed on donkey wolf milk, but also on meadow daisy ( Leucanthemum vulgare ) and meadow bedstraw ( Galium mollugo ). In contrast to Ch. Empiformis, the moths are not shy.
Flight and caterpillar times
The Eselswolfsmilch-Glasflügler forms a generation a year that flies in May (Baden-Württemberg). In northern Germany the period is shifted by about a month.
Systematics
In 1775 Denis and Schiffermüller described Sphinx tenthrediniformis as a glass winged species from Austria . Another species from Austria was described by Esper in 1783: Sphinx empiformis . The difficult differentiation of the two species led in later years to the fact that both taxa were considered to be of the same species and were synonymous. Contrary to the principle of priority, later the younger name was often given preference. In the meantime it has been proven that there are two different species in which the male moths can be easily distinguished; in the case of females, however, this is difficult. Today it is assumed that Ch. Empiformis develops in cypress spurge ( Euphorbia cyparissias ) and Ch. Tenthrediniformis in donkey spurge ( Euphorbia esula ).
Synonyms
The following synonyms are known:
- Sphinx tenthrediniformis Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775
- Sesia taediiformis Freyer, 1836
Hazard and protection
The Eselswolfsmilch-Glasflügler is classified in the Red List of Germany as "critically endangered" (category 2). In some federal states the species is considered "critically endangered" (category 1). In Baden-Württemberg, the species only inhabits the river-side dams of the Rhine. The locations of the host plants are exposed to disruptive influences such as floods, stone pouring, bush encroachment, impact loads, etc. The impact of the flood has not yet been conclusively clarified.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Z. Laštůvka, A. Laštůvka: The Sesiidae of Europe. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2001, ISBN 87-88757-52-8
- ↑ a b c d e Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 5, Moths III (Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1997. ISBN 3-8001-3481-0
- ↑ CM Naumann, D. Schroeder: Another twin species pair of Central European Sesiids: Chamaespecia tenthrediniformi ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and Chamaespecia empiformis (Esper, 1783) (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Z. ArbGem. Austrian Ent., 32: 29-46, 1980
- ↑ Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 14, 2011
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 978-3-89624-110-8
literature
- JJ de Freina: The Bombyces and Sphinges of the Western Palaearctic. Volume 4. Sesioidea: Sesiidae. EFW Edition Research & Science Verlag GmbH, Munich, 1997, ISBN 3-926285-03-6
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. Taxonomy and Photos