Glass winged
| Glass winged | ||||||||||
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Hornet glass-winged birds ( Sesia apiformis ) mating. |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Sesiidae | ||||||||||
| Boisduval , 1828 |
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The clearwings (Sesiidae) are a family of butterflies (Lepidoptera). Together with the two small families of the Castniidae and Brachodidae , they form the superfamily of the Sesioidea .
features
The most striking features of the predominantly diurnal moths are their mostly transparent wings, on which usually only the wing veins and edges are scaled and their external appearance is very similar to that of hymenoptera . This is due to the fact that, in addition to the transparent wings, they have a wasp or bee-like , mostly yellow stripe color . This mimicry protects them from predators who keep their distance from the supposedly dangerous animals.
The caterpillars of the glass winged birds are brightly colored and usually have a dark head and are reminiscent of beetle larvae in their appearance . They live and drill in the branches, stems or roots of plants. They often go through a long, perennial larval stage, and some species can cause damage to agriculture and forestry .
distribution
The glass winged birds are native to all continents with the exception of Antarctica , but the main area of distribution is in the tropics . Up to now 1,432 kinds of them are known, with 366 kinds occurring in the Palearctic ( Nearctic : 128 kinds, Neotropic : 270 kinds, Ethiopis : 257 kinds, Orientalis : 431 kinds, Australis : 15 kinds [and 2 naturalized]). There are 110 species in Europe, many of them in several subspecies.
Taxonomy
In the German-speaking area (A, CH, D) there are 49 species of the family.
Subfamily Tinthiinae
Tribe Pennisetiini
- Raspberry winged winged wing ( Pennisetia hylaeiformis ) (Laspeyres, 1801)
Subfamily Sesiinae
Tribus Sesiini
- Hornet's glass-winged bird ( Sesia apiformis ) (Clerck, 1759)
- Large willow glass-winged wing ( Sesia bembeciformis ) (Hübner, 1806)
- Aspen-glass-winged ( Sesia melanocephala ) Dalman, 1816
Tribe Paranthrenini
- Small poplar glass-winged wing ( Paranthrene tabaniformis ) (Rottemburg, 1775)
- Oak branch glass-winged wing ( Paranthrene insolita ) Le Cerf, 1914
Tribe Synanthedonini
- Horned clover ( Bembecia ichneumoniformis ) (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Hauhechel-clearwings ( Bembecia albanensis ) (Rebel, 1918)
- Bembecia megillaeformis (Huebner, 1813)
- Bembecia scopigera (Scopoli, 1763)
- Bembecia uroceriformis (Treitschke, 1834)
- Dost glass winged ( Chamaesphecia aerifrons ) (Zeller, 1847)
- Chamaesphecia amygdaloidis Schleppnik, 1933
- Chamaesphecia annellata (Zeller, 1847)
- Chamaesphecia astatiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846)
- Chamaesphecia bibioniformis (Esper, 1800)
- Chamaesphecia chalciformis (Esper, 1804)
- Chamaesphecia colpiformis (Staudinger, 1856)
- Chamaesphecia crassicornis Bartel, 1912
- Ziest's glass-winged bird ( Chamaesphecia dumonti ) (Le Cerf, 1922)
- Cypress wolffish glass-winged winged wing ( Chamaesphecia empiformis ) (Esper, 1783)
- Chamaesphecia euceraeformis (Ochsenheimer, 1816)
- Chamaesphecia hungarica (Tomala, 1901)
- Late summer milkweed glass winged ( Chamaesphecia leucopsiformis ) (Esper, 1800)
- Chamaesphecia masariformis (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
- St. John's wort ( Chamaesphecia nigrifrons ) (Le Cerf, 1911)
- Chamaesphecia palustris Kautz, 1927
- Donkey wolf's milk glass-winged winged wing ( Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis ) (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Red dock -winged dock ( Pyropteron chrysidiformis ) (Esper, 1782)
- Sunflower glass-winged butterfly ( Synansphecia affinis ) (Staudinger, 1856)
- Synansphecia muscaeformis (Esper, 1783)
- Synansphecia triannuliformis (Freyer, 1845)
- Snowball glass-winged ( Synanthedon andrenaeformis ) (Laspeyres, 1801)
- Fir glass-winged winged wing ( Synanthedon cephiformis ) (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
- Old oak glass-winged wing ( Synanthedon conopiformis ) (Esper, 1782)
- Small birch glass-winged bird ( Synanthedon culiciformis ) (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Willow gall glass-winged ( Synanthedon flaviventris ) (Staudinger, 1883)
- Small willow-winged glass-winged ( Synanthedon formicaeformis ) (Esper, 1783)
- Mistletoe glass-winged ( Synanthedon loranthi ) (Králicek, 1966)
- Synanthedon melliniformis (Laspeyres, 1801)
- Apple-tree glass-winged wing ( Synanthedon myopaeformis ) (Borkhausen, 1789)
- Synanthedon polaris (Staudinger, 1877)
- Great birch glass-winged bird ( Synanthedon scoliaeformis ) (Borkhausen, 1789)
- Honeysuckle-winged glass-winged bird ( Synanthedon soffneri ) (Spatenka, 1983)
- Alder glass-winged ( Synanthedon spheciformis ) (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
- Spuler's Glasflügler ( Synanthedon spuleri ) (Fuchs, 1908)
- Alder buckthorn ( Synanthedon stomoxiformis ) (Huebner, 1790)
- Wasp glass-winged ( Synanthedon vespiformis ) (Linnaeus, 1761)
- Currant glass-winged winged bird ( Synanthedon tipuliformis ) (Clerck, 1759)
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ F. Pühringer: Checklist Sesiidae. accessed on January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Glass winged. Lepiforum eV, accessed on November 8, 2006 .
literature
- G. Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 5: Moths III (Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae). Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3481-0 .
- Z. Lastuvka, A. Lastuvka: The Sesiidae of Europe. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2001, ISBN 87-88757-52-8 .
- F. Pühringer, A. Kallies: Provisional check list of the Sesiidae of the world (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) . (= Notifications of the entomological working group Salzkammergut. 4). 2004, ISBN 3-901564-03-9 , pp. 1-85.
- K. Spatenka, O. Gorbunov, Z. Lastuvka, I. Tosevski, Y. Arita: Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Volume 1: Sesiidae - Clearwing Moths. Gem Publishing, Wallingford 1999, ISBN 0-906802-08-3 .
