Spuler's glass winged wing
| Spuler's glass winged wing | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spuler's glass winged ( Synanthedon spuleri ), female |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Synanthedon spuleri | ||||||||||||
| (Fuchs, 1908) |
Spuler's Glasflüger ( Synanthedon spuleri ), sometimes also referred to as the Juniper Glasflügler, is a butterfly from the family of the Glasflügler (Sesiidae). The species was described by Fuchs in 1908 and named after the doctor and entomologist Arnold Spuler .
features
There are different information about the wingspan of the moth in the literature. They range from 13 to 24 millimeters. The labial palps are yellow ventrally , the eyes are outlined in white. The metathorax is black. The abdomen is ringed in yellow: in the males, segments 2, 4, 6, and 7 show yellow rings; in the females, segments 2, 4 and 6. The yellow bands on the 4th and 5th segment are variable in width, the 7th segment is mostly monochrome black. The anal tuft is broad and black, or in the males mediodistal and in the females with yellow hair on the sides. In females, the proportion of yellow hairs in the anal tufts is variable. The outer glass field in the basal part of the fore wing outer field (ETA = external transparent area) is almost rectangular and convexly rounded towards the apex . The apical region is either black or has sparse yellow scales.
Similar species
- Currant glass-winged Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck, 1759). Difficult to differentiate habitually and genitally morphologically from S. spuleri . S. spuleri differs from S. tipuliformis by its larger and more massive body, by the mostly clearly convex glass field of the fore wing and by the less brightened fringing area. In females, the anal bush is sparsely mixed with yellow on the underside (in S. tipuliformis monochrome black-blue).
distribution
The distribution area of Synanthedon spuleri is not yet sufficiently known. In a west-east direction it stretches from France to Turkey and Georgia . In the south, the species is native to southern and eastern Europe. With the exception of Sicily, it is not represented on the Mediterranean islands . The northern limit of distribution is roughly at the geographical latitude of Paris and southern Germany ( Rhineland ). Pühringer provides a detailed overview of the distribution of the European glass winged species.
Spuler's Glasflügler predominantly inhabits limestone soils and can be found from the plain to mountain ranges from 1500 meters ( Macedonia ) to 1600 meters (Karwendel Mountains ). The habitat consists of light steppe vegetation, mixed deciduous forests and warm, dry karst regions . As a cultural successor , the species also appears in settlement areas when Juniperus species are present.
biology
Spuler's Glasflügler undergoes a two-year development, which under favorable climatic conditions on hardwoods can probably be completed in just one year. The caterpillars develop preferentially between wood and bark under the cecidia of the smut fungus Gymnosporangium clavariiforme ( grating ). You can also find caterpillars on fresh tree stumps or bark injuries caused by wind breakage or bark crushing. Host plants are various types of juniper such as common juniper ( Juniperus communis ), Chinese juniper ( Juniperus chinensis ) and Phoenician juniper ( Juniperus phoenicea ), silver fir ( Abies alba ) and also various hardwoods such as poplar ( Populus ), willow ( Salix ), birch ( Betula ), hornbeam ( Carpinus ), beech ( Fagus ), hazel ( Corylus ), oak ( Quercus ), maple ( Acer ) and elm ( Ulmus ). According to de Freina, the following host plants must be described as questionable: raspberry ( Rubus ), plum ( Prunus domestica ) and persimmon ( Diospyros kaki ). In their host plants, the caterpillars eat short, zigzag passages at the transition points between dead and living tissue. Red-brown shavings and feces are thrown out. In softwood , the caterpillars develop in the middle of the wood, the feeding tunnels are then short and only about twice as long as the caterpillar itself. Several larvae can live together in one gall, sometimes together with Synanthedon vespiformis . The caterpillars overwinter in a large spun chamber at the end of a feeding passage in a cocoon . The wintering chamber is closed with a nail towards the corridor. The caterpillars pupate in a cocoon from April onwards and the pupae rest for about four weeks. The pupa is mobile and pushes itself about halfway out of the exit hole just before hatching.
The moths fly from mid-May to the end of July, depending on the climatic conditions until August. The females only fly in the afternoon, and pheromone springs are also visited. When approaching light sources, it is probably a question of scared animals. The moths were observed sucking nectar on the following plants: black elder ( Sambucus nigra ), buckthorn ( Frangula alnus ), dwarf elder ( Sambucus ebulus ), various Rubus species, blackberries ( Rubus sectio Rubus ) and privet ( Ligustrum ). In bad weather, the moths rest on leaves near their host plants.
Danger
In Germany, Spuler's glass wing is currently classified as "not endangered".
Systematics
The species was described by Fuchs in 1908 and named after the doctor and entomologist Arnold Spuler . The type location is Halltal in the Karwendel Mountains (Austria).
- Synanthedon schwarzi (Králíček & Povolný, 1977) was classified as a synonym for S. spuleri , as morphological differences could not be detected and it is not a monophage living biospecies.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Josef J. de Freina: Sesioidea: Sesiidae . In: The Bombyces and Sphinges of the Western Palaearctic . 1st edition. tape 4 . EFW Edition Research & Science, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-926285-03-6 , p. 107 ff .
- ↑ a b Z. Laštůvka, A. Laštůvka: The Sesiidae of Europe . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2001, ISBN 87-88757-52-8 , pp. 61 (English).
- ↑ a b c d Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 5 . Moth III. Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3481-0 , p. 136 ff .
- ^ Distribution of Sesiidae in Europe. Dr. Franz Pühringer, accessed on December 29, 2010 .
Web links
- Synanthedon spuleri at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 27, 2010
- Synanthedon spuleri (FUCHS, 1908) - Spuler's Glasflügler. Lepiforum e. V .: Determination aid of the Lepiforum for the butterfly species found in Germany, Austria and Switzerland., Accessed on December 29, 2010 .