White-stemmed red cap
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White-stemmed red cap ( Leccinum leucopodium ) |
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| Leccinum leucopodium | ||||||||||||
| ( Pers. ) Dörfelt & G. Berg |
The white-stemmed red cap ( Leccinum leucopodium , syn. L. albostipitatum , L. aurantiacum ss. Auct. Plur., L. rufum ), also called aspen red cap or red-skin boletus , is a species of fungus from the family of thick boletus relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is initially hemispherical, later pad-shaped and, with age, almost flat, but hardly depressed. It reaches a diameter between 5 and 20 centimeters, rarely more. The color ranges from yellow-orange to orange-red to orange-brown; seldom it is ocher or yellow-brown. The surface is fine felted and dry. The edge protrudes significantly, especially in young specimens. The tubes are quite narrow and tinted whitish to light cream gray for a long time. In old age, the mature spores turn olive to gray-yellow. Pressure points turn purple-black. The pores are also whitish at first, but soon become dirty yellow. When touched, purple-gray areas also appear. The stem becomes 6 to 15 inches long and 1.5 to 3.5 inches thick; at the top it is a little narrower. There are slightly protruding scales on the white base color. At first they are whitish, later increasingly brick-orange. At the base, the stem is often a little blue-green staining, which is especially pronounced with pressure. The meat ( trama ) is white and quickly turns reddish to purple in color when cut. After a while, the tint turns purple-black. In the base the flesh is sometimes spotted blue-green. It tastes mild and has no particular smell. With iron sulphate , the trama turns gray-green and in previously uncolored areas a little more green. It reacts with formalin at first in a dirty rose red and then brownish-violet. The spore powder is colored ocher brown.
Microscopic features
The basidia measure 25–32 x 8–11 micrometers. There are four spurs on each of them . They are spindle-shaped and elliptical and measure 13–18 × 4–5.5 micrometers. Thus the ratio between length and width is about 3.3 (2.7-3.6). The cystidia are club-shaped, bottle-shaped or sometimes spindle-shaped and measure 30–50 × 8–15 micrometers. They often have a pointed tip that can be of different lengths. The capillary hyphae are recumbent or erect and consist of short cells with 25–40 × 9–16 (20) micrometers in diameter. They are mixed in with thinner hyphae three to eight micrometers thick.
Species delimitation
There are some species similar to the white-stemmed red cap that used to be grouped under one taxon. The birch red cap ( L. versipelle ) is very similar . In addition to the distinctive tree partner, it has a clearly black-scaly stem and turns black directly at pressure points without reddening beforehand. Other similar species such as the deciduous forest red cap ( Leccinum aurantiacum ), which lives in symbiosis with oaks, or species occurring under conifers differ in this regard.
Ecology and phenology
The white-stemmed red cap is a mycorrhizal fungus that is strictly bound to aspens ( Populus tremula ). Depending on the population of this tree species, the fungus usually grows in individual poplar groups, in spruce-fir forests, moors, at the edge of the forest and in clearings; it can also be found in different beech and spruce forests. The white-stemmed red cap is not very picky about its soil requirements. It prefers acidic soils. It is less common on alkaline subsoil and practically impossible to find on dry soil.
The fruiting bodies appear from June to October, rarely as early as May.
distribution
The white-stemmed red cap is widespread throughout Europe, where it can be found [sub] meridional to boreal . However, it is not common in southern and western Europe, and only rarely in some regions. The fungus can be found more and more frequently towards the east and north. In Germany there is a fairly even distribution.
However, the occurrence of the species has decreased significantly in recent years. The reasons for this are likely to be found in environmental influences and the increasingly rare populations of aspen , especially in spruce forests .
meaning
The white-stemmed red cap is considered a good edible mushroom. The black discoloration does not go away when you cook it, but it is not harmful.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , pp. 280-282.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heinrich Dörfelt, Gabriele Berg: Systematic and nomenclature problems in the genus Leccinum (Basidiomycetes / Boletales) . In: Fedde's repertory . tape 101 , no. 9-10 , 1990, pp. 561–570 , doi : 10.1002 / fedr.19901010909 .
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 4th edition. BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 , p. 372 .
Web links
- Aspen red cap - Leccinum aurantiacum at www.natur-in-nrw.de
- Leccinum aurantiacum at MushroomExpert.com
- Leccinum aurantiacum at MykoWeb
- Detailed portrait of the red aspen cap with description and micro features as well as a picture of the closely related fox bolete Leccinum vulpinum.
