Ethyl maltol

Structural formula
General
Surname	Ethyl maltol
other names	E 637; 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4 H -pyran-4-one;
Molecular formula	C 7 H 8 O 3
Brief description	white, crystalline solid with a sweet, caramel-like odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	225-582-5
ECHA InfoCard	100.023.256
PubChem	21059
ChemSpider	19804
Wikidata	Q930843
properties
Molar mass	140.14 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	90-91 ° C
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 302
	P: no P-phrases
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ethylmaltol is an organic chemical compound and is derived from maltol . Ethyl maltol is approved as a flavor enhancer (E 637) and is used to flavor foods and tobacco products.

Occurrence

So far no natural occurrence of ethyl maltol has been found.

Extraction and presentation

Ethyl maltol tastes and smells like caramel

Several synthetic routes for ethyl maltol are known, for example starting from kojic acid or furfuryl alcohol .

properties

Like maltol, ethyl maltol enhances the sweet taste of foods, but it is four to six times stronger than maltol. It has a sweet, caramel-like odor.

Ethyl maltol is used as a flavoring agent in many liquids.

use

Ethyl maltol is used to flavor foods, beverages and tobacco . The substance is used in particular in liquids for e-cigarettes. It was found in 80% of all liquids and more often in concentrations above 10 mg / mL.

Safety information and health

Ethyl maltol quantum satis may be used as a flavor enhancer .

The amount of ethyl maltol in many liquids is estimated to be cytotoxic for lung cells. It was also found that ethyl maltol, along with other flavoring substances , promotes the formation of very reactive free radicals in the aerosol of e-cigarettes. These can promote the development of some diseases.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Horst Surburg & Johannes Panten: Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials . 6th completely revised and updated edition. Viley VCH, Weinheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-527-33160-4 , pp. 169-170 .
↑ Data sheet Ethylmaltol ≥99%, FCC, FG from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 27, 2019 ( PDF ).
↑ Entry on Maltol. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 27, 2019.
^ Jian-Jun Sun, Mi Hao, Long Wang & Li-Hong Cui: Research on the Synthesis Process of Ethylmaltol by Electrochemistry . In: Applied Mechanics and Materials . tape 284-287 , 2013, pp. 380-384 , doi : 10.4028 / www.scientific.net / AMM.284-287.380 .
^ Hans-Dieter Belitz, Werner Grosch & Peter Schieberle: Textbook of food chemistry . 6th edition. Springer, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-73201-3 , pp. 367-368 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-73202-0 .
↑ ^a ^b Esther E. Omaiye, Kevin J. McWhirter, Wentai Luo, Peyton A. Tierney, James F. Pankow & Prue Talbot: High Concentrations of flavor chemicals are present in electronic cigarette refill fluids . In: Scientific Reports . tape 9 , no. 2468 , 2019, doi : 10.1038 / s41598-019-39550-2 .
↑ Reinhard Matissek: Additives . In: Reinhard Matissek and Peter Kuhnert (eds.): Food chemistry . 8th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-47111-1 , chap. 10 , p. 268-269 .
↑ My Hua, Esther E. Omaiye, Wentai Luo, Kevin J. McWhirter, James F. Pankow & Prue Talbot: Identification of Cytotoxic Flavor Chemicals in Top-Selling Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids . In: Scientific Reports . tape 8 , no. 2782 , 2019, pp. 1-13 , doi : 10.1038 / s41598-019-38978-w .
^ ^A ^b Zachary T. Bitzer, Reema Goel, Samantha M. Reilly, Ryan J. Elias, Alexey Silakov, Jonathan Foulds, Joshua Muscat, John P. Richie Jr .: Effect of flavoring chemicals on free radical formation in electronic cigarette aerosols . In: Free Radical Biology and Medicine . tape 120 , 2018, p. 72–79 , doi : 10.1016 / j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.020 .

[Surburg-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Horst Surburg & Johannes Panten: Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials . 6th completely revised and updated edition. Viley VCH, Weinheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-527-33160-4 , pp. 169-170 .

[Sigma-2] Data sheet Ethylmaltol ≥99%, FCC, FG from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on November 27, 2019 ( PDF ).

[Römpp-3] Entry on Maltol. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 27, 2019.

[Sun-4] Jian-Jun Sun, Mi Hao, Long Wang & Li-Hong Cui: Research on the Synthesis Process of Ethylmaltol by Electrochemistry . In: Applied Mechanics and Materials . tape 284-287 , 2013, pp. 380-384 , doi : 10.4028 / www.scientific.net / AMM.284-287.380 .

[Belitz-5] Hans-Dieter Belitz, Werner Grosch & Peter Schieberle: Textbook of food chemistry . 6th edition. Springer, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-73201-3 , pp. 367-368 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-73202-0 .

[Omaiye-6] Esther E. Omaiye, Kevin J. McWhirter, Wentai Luo, Peyton A. Tierney, James F. Pankow & Prue Talbot: High Concentrations of flavor chemicals are present in electronic cigarette refill fluids . In: Scientific Reports . tape 9 , no. 2468 , 2019, doi : 10.1038 / s41598-019-39550-2 .

[Mattissek-7] Reinhard Matissek: Additives . In: Reinhard Matissek and Peter Kuhnert (eds.): Food chemistry . 8th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-47111-1 , chap. 10 , p. 268-269 .

[Hua-8] My Hua, Esther E. Omaiye, Wentai Luo, Kevin J. McWhirter, James F. Pankow & Prue Talbot: Identification of Cytotoxic Flavor Chemicals in Top-Selling Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids . In: Scientific Reports . tape 8 , no. 2782 , 2019, pp. 1-13 , doi : 10.1038 / s41598-019-38978-w .

[Blitzer-9] A ^b Zachary T. Bitzer, Reema Goel, Samantha M. Reilly, Ryan J. Elias, Alexey Silakov, Jonathan Foulds, Joshua Muscat, John P. Richie Jr .: Effect of flavoring chemicals on free radical formation in electronic cigarette aerosols . In: Free Radical Biology and Medicine . tape 120 , 2018, p. 72–79 , doi : 10.1016 / j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.020 .