Etymology of Nordhorn
This article deals with the etymology of the name of the city of Nordhorn and its districts.
Nordhorn
Nordhorn is called Nothoorn or Notthöörntin in the regional dialect .
The documented spellings were Norhthornon (ie "north lying horn") 890 AD in the register of the monastery Werden an der Ruhr, Northorne from 1184, Northorne 1255 , Northorn and Nodehorne 1249/50 and on seals around 1400, and from 1827 Nordhorn.
The word "horn" designates horn-like, tapering parcels of land, points of land, corners or angles (a field in the forest, the land in the water, an estate in the neighboring estates), mountain or bank projections. It is included in numerous field and place names.
Popular interpretation as "Nothorn"
Bentheim Castle is located south of Nordhorn . According to popular tradition, in the event of an attack on the city of Nordhorn, a horn was blown there - the so-called Nothorn - which was intended to warn the inhabitants of the Vecht island and ask for help at the same time. Since Nordhorn is north of Bentheim, it later became "Nordhorn".
It is more than doubtful that the Bentheimers, who saw the place from its heights behind the Isterberg on the northern horizon, were the namesake, or even the residents of Münster - Nordhorn was on the northern edge of the diocese - is more than doubtful, especially because Nordhorn is from Bentheim can not see from. Bad Bentheim is 40 m above sea level, but the Isterberg is 68 m above sea level. In addition, the area between Bad Bentheim and Nordhorn was extensively forested in earlier centuries. The Bentheimer Forest and the Teutoburg Forest up to the Harz formed an almost continuous forest area.
Tradition also reports that there was “a watchtower in the Vechte Valley, from which the inhabitants were warned of approaching enemies in times of war by fire or by the horn of the guard. This declaration is a document from the year 1341 back, in the name really Nodehorne (Nothorn) is written, and the city still today a horn, in her arms. " ( Ref : Specht, 1941/1979). So the interpretation as a northern horn is very old.
A horn was also used in inland navigation on the Vechte. In foggy conditions, the boatmen could use the horn to make each other noticeable and warn each other. Since a settlement with a harbor with the horn in its coat of arms had formed between Schüttorf and Emlichheim in the early Middle Ages, it may have become “Nordhorn”.
Assignment to a deity "Nod"
Another fanciful folk etymology reads: “In the Nordhorn area, the god Nod , Node or Nothe was worshiped . The beginning of the festival of sacrifice of this deity, as well as the sacrifice, was announced by blowing ox or cow horns. In her honor, fires were burned, which had to be struck with flint stones or by rubbing dry pieces of wood together, a holy fire called nodfyr. Of this is probably the name of Nordhorn derive ". ( Ref : Specht, 1941/1979)
Interpretation as a historical field name
A scientifically based variant of the coat of arms interpretation says that Horn is to be understood in the sense of a corner or landmark, i.e. a northern horn represents a northern corner (projection of the field into the Vechte Valley). According to Specht, Udolph and others, the name has nothing to do with a Nothorn or a god Nod. In the Werdener Heberegister from 890 is Norhthornon , from 1050 to Northornon , and in the deed from 1184 Northorne . Northorne appears on the city seals between 1400 and 1715 and Nordhorn from 1827 . The part of the name “north” is older than other interpretations. ( Ref : H.Specht: Nordhorn - story of a border town. )
Districts
Former parishes
Altendorf
Altendorf was the original cell of the Nordhorn settlement. This was then probably moved to the Vechte Island for strategic reasons. This settlement received city rights in 1379 . The old settlement was then named Oude Dorp = Altes Dorf (Altendorf).
Bakelde (Baclo)
According to Specht ( lit. ), the place name is derived from Bak = hill ridge and Lo = small wood, according to recent research ( Lit .: Udolph, p. 518.) it is a derivation of the pre-Germanic bak-ila for hill brook.
Bimolts
Bimolten - 1252 Bimolt, 1213 Bimolte - is interpreted by woodpecker on heaps of earth, by Reurik on wood (bi'm holte / near wood) and by Abels as a settlement in the field.
Bookholt
The name Bookholt is derived from beech or birch trees. ( Lit .: Woodpecker.).
Burning bad
Brandlecht was called Bramtelghet in 1313: Bram = gorse, telge = branch. ( Lit .: Ernst Kühle, Brandlecht. In: Der Grafschafter. 1966, No. 160 (June).)
Frensdorf
Frensdorf, in Low German Frenstrup , is probably derived from a personal name. Name development: Around 800 AD Friethelstorpe or Frieldorp , around 1000 Vrinsthorpe . ( Lit .: Ernst Kühle, Frensdorf. In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein 1971.)
Frenswegen
The origin of the name Frenswegen , formerly also Vrendeswegen , is interpreted as "Located on the way to Frensdorf".
Hesepe
The name Hesepe refers to the location of the river on the Vechte (epe - water). ( Lit .: Ernst Kühle: Hesepe. In: Yearbook Heimatverein 1982.)
Hestrup
For the first time Hestrup is mentioned in 1150 as Hersebruc and in 1212 as Hersedorp (Rossdorf). The ending -dorf or -trup denotes a rural settlement that existed around 800 AD with the adoption of Christianity as a closed community. ( Lit .: Ernst Kühle, in: Der Grafschafter. Episode 168, February 1967.)
Hohenkörben, parish of Nordhorn
Hohenkörben was created around 600 AD as a Hankorve in the Bakelder Mark, on a spatially limited ridge of dunes. A precise interpretation of the name is unknown ( Lit .: Ernst Kühle, in: Der Grafschafter. Episode 170, May 1967). Adjacent to the north is the Hohenkörben peasantry , parish Veldhausen , which today belongs to the Osterwald community .
Klausheide
Klausheide was named after Claus von Bohlen and Halbach (1910–1940), the son of the founders of Gut Klausheide, Gustav and Bertha Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach . In 1931 it was renamed Klausheide ex officio.
Newer districts
Bare
The Blanke used to be a deeper heather and swamp area, which was only raised at the edges. In between there were pools of water that blinked in the sunshine, which is why they were also called blanks . The two largest were the Große Blanke and the Kleine Blanke. Little by little, this area was drained and built on the edges before the Second World War (Dorotheenstrasse, Klarastrasse). After the Second World War, there was extensive settlement with refugees and textile workers. The district was given the name Blanke based on the former Heideseen . The former location of the Große Blanke can still be read today from the street names Blankering and Innere Blanke. You can get an impression of the possible appearance of these bodies of water if you visit the Dutch nature reserve De Bergvennen - in Grafschafter vernacular called The Seven Lakes - west of Nordhorn.
Flower settlement
In the 1920s, settlement houses were built here for former miners from the Ruhr area who were recruited for the Nordhorn textile industry, and also for young Nordhorn families. Since the streets were given flower names, the settlement was called the flower settlement.
Bussmaate
The Bussmaate is a former meadow area that belonged to the farmer Busch in Altendorf, hence the name Buss Maate . Around 1910 the textile manufacturer Bernard Rawe bought this site and built a spinning mill on it. Around 1913, company apartments were built for the factory workers. The entire area was given the name Bussmaate .
New Berlin
At the beginning of the 20th century, a settlement cooperative was founded southeast of Denekamper Strasse in the area of what was then Frensdorf, on the initiative of Berlin-born Mäulen, and the construction of residential buildings began. Out of gratitude to Mr. Mäulen, this settlement was called Neuberlin.
Oorde
Originally the farms Ruwe, Arends and Hoot belonged to Oorde. Oorde means pointed stretch of land and was a split from Bakelde. ( Lit .: Woodpecker.). Oorde was originally part of Altendorf, but is now a separate district.
City hallway
In earlier centuries the people of Nordhorn had so-called peat cutting rights in this area, which consisted of a moor and was in the Bakelde district. In 1864 the so-called brand division took place and Nordhorn got this piece as part of the city area. It was the so-called Stadtsche Flur . At the turn of the century, this became building land and the area was called Stadtflur .
Strict
The name Streng is derived from a dune elevation, a so-called strand . The Streng extends from Bogenstraße to Nyhoegen Bridge on Bentheimer Straße. At the end of the 19th century, the Povel textile factory built the front part of the Strengs in the Bogenstrasse / Ludwigstrasse area with company apartments for their workers. In the rear part, today's Südstreng, the Rasen- und Wiesenstraße, private houses were built in the 1930s and later.
literature
- Heinrich Specht: Nordhorn - history of a border town. Edited by Home club of the county of Bentheim. The Bentheimer Land. Vol. 28 (22). Bentheimer Heimatverlag, Nordhorn 1941, 1979.
- Ernst Kühle: Bimolts. In: Bentheim Yearbook. Bentheim 1973. ISSN 0723-8940
- Ernst Kühle: Badly bad. In: The Grafschafter. Nordhorn 1966,160 (June).
- Ernst Kühle: Frensdorf. In: Bentheim Yearbook. Bentheim 1971. ISSN 0723-8940
- Ernst Kühle, in: Der Grafschafter. Nordhorn 1967, 170 (May).
- Ernst Kühle, in: Der Grafschafter. Nordhorn 1967, 168 (February).
- Ernst Kühle: Hesepe. In: Bentheim Yearbook. Bentheim 1982. ISSN 0723-8940
- Jürgen Udolph: Name studies on the German problem. Walter de Gruyter, 1994. ISBN 3110884186 .
credentials
- ↑ Hans Dörries: Development and Formation of the Lower Saxony City. J. Engelhorns Nachf., 1929
- ↑ Place name research by Jürgen Udolph
- ↑ Ernst Kühle, Bimolten. In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein Grafschaft Bentheim, 1973.