Bentheim Castle
| Bentheim Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Lower battery with powder tower behind |
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| Alternative name (s): | Binitheim , Benetheim | |
| Creation time : | around 1020 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Standing position : | Counts, princes | |
| Construction: | Cuboid | |
| Place: | bad Bentheim | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 18 '9 " N , 7 ° 9' 22" E | |
| Height: | 91.9 m above sea level NN | |
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The Bentheim Castle is an early medieval hilltop castle in Bad Bentheim in the county Bentheim in Lower Saxony (Germany). It is considered one of the largest and most beautiful castles in northwest Germany and is the landmark of the city of Bad Bentheim. First mentions go back to documents from the 11th century.
Bentheim Castle is still owned by the prince house of Bentheim-Steinfurt today .
location
Bentheim Castle is located at 91.9 m above sea level. NN in the middle of the city of Bad Bentheim in Lower Saxony; about eight kilometers from the Dutch border. It stands on a large rock made of Bentheim sandstone high above the city; this mountain, also known as the Bentheim ridge , is the last branch of the Teutoburg Forest . The battery tower, for example, was able to secure a defense to the south and west due to the elevated position of the castle.
history
History up to the 15th century
The beginnings of the fortress, which was built on the remains of a Germanic refugee castle, cannot be precisely proven historically; The mighty castle of the Counts of Bentheim was first mentioned in a document around 1050 in the second Werden register . There, 10 measure of wheat, 3 jugs of honey and 2 solidi are listed as levies from Binedheim . Count Otto von Northeim is named as the owner of the castle in 1020. This was one of the most influential Saxon nobles.
In 1116, Duke Lothar von Süpplinburg (later Emperor Lothar III ) took Bentheim Castle - at that time Binitheim - in a dispute with Heinrich V , pillaged and destroyed it completely, although it is assumed that it was at the time Castle was still a wooden defense structure. In the Annalista Saxo it is described: "Duke Lothar von Sachsen besieges Binitheim, an excellent and strong city, and burns it after its conquest". From this one could assume that the castle was already of importance at this time, if one considers the choice of words egregiam et firmam (Latin: excellent / excellent and firm).
The last Northeim count, Otto the Younger, was probably killed during this siege. The destroyed castle was apparently rebuilt soon afterwards and came into the possession of Lothar's brother-in-law, Count Otto von Salm-Rheineck . His wife Gertrud von Northeim (Gertrudis Palatina) used Bentheim Castle as a widow's residence after Otto's death in 1150; it is referred to in a document from the Bishop of Munster from 1154 as comitissa de Benetheim . This is also one of the first mentions of the Bentheim family.
In 1146 there was an armed conflict between Otto von Rheineck and the Bishop of Utrecht over property rights in Twente . In the course of this dispute Otto and his army of knights were defeated at Ootmarsum . Thereupon his castle was subordinate to the diocese of Utrecht as a fief until 1190 ; The bishop claimed the palace's hall and a chapel. Otto's only son and heir, Otto II von Salm-Rheineck, opened the battle for the Palatinate against Hermann von Stahleck and fell into the hands of Hermann von Stahleck in 1148, where he was strangled in captivity at the Schönburg near Oberwesel the following year .
About the legacy of Otto's daughter, Sophie von Salm-Rheineck, who lived with the Dutch Count Dietrich VI. was married by Holland , the castle and the Bentheim estate came into the possession of the Counts of Holland around 1154 and 1165, respectively . The founder of the House of Bentheim-Holland was the son of Sophie and Dietrich, Otto the Younger, who is mentioned in a document from 1171 issued by Heinrich the Lion as comes de Binetheim . Towards the end of the 14th century, the Bentheim counts from the Dutch family died out and in 1421 the male line of the noble lords of Steinfurt died out. The inheritance passed to a nephew, the noble Eberwin IV of Götterswick (also Everwyn von Güterswyk). The noble house of Götterswick produced the Lords of Götterswick (today's name: Götterswickerhamm; today a district of Voerde ). Through the inheritance of the Grafschaft Bentheim, also in 1421, he became the progenitor of today's line to Bentheim-Steinfurt . He finally acquired the Steinfurt rule after his daughter's marriage for a reasonable fee from her and her husband.
Around 1374 there were frequent feuds with the dioceses of Utrecht and Münster, who found displeasure at the county's independence.
From the 15th century until today
From 1421 the gentlemen called themselves Counts of Bentheim . In 1486, Count Eberwin II was taken over by Emperor Friedrich III. enfeoffed with Bentheim; thus the county was recognized as an imperial fief for the first time as an independent territory . In 1489 the construction of the powder tower began. Between the years 1588 and 1593, Count Arnold II , son of Eberwin III. , the Reformed teaching of Johannes Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli . Arnold II was the most important sovereign in the county of Bentheim . By inheritance and marriage he had been able to unite a considerable number of small territories in his hand. They were the counties of Bentheim, Tecklenburg , Steinfurt, Limburg an der Lenne , possessions in the Lower Rhine and the bailiwick rights in the Electorate of Cologne .
The Thirty Years' War , inheritance disputes and foreign administration by the diocese of Münster let the county bleed financially. Around 1626 it was occupied and looted several times; the following years brought bad harvests. In 1636, thousands of people fell victim to the plague , which returned in 1664. Finally, in 1752, Count Friedrich Carl Philipp pledged the county to the Electorate of Hanover , which made the country lose its independence. The turmoil of the war had caused great damage to the county and the castle: Bentheim Castle was partially destroyed, two thirds of the villages and towns were destroyed after several raids by Spanish troops; Citizens as well as farmers fled to the Netherlands or died of the plague. After the Thirty Years' War the military use of the castle became increasingly meaningless; from then on it functioned as the administrative center, court and prison of the county.
During the Seven Years' War from 1756 to 1763 the castle was besieged and taken several times by the French and English. In the war against the French Revolutionary Army in 1795 it served as a hospital and was set on fire by the troops of the French General Dominique Joseph Vandamme and also captured: On March 13, 1795, the castle complex was shot at from two sides; the stationed soldiers with their cannons were probably on today's Mühlenberg and at today's Müst. Today you can still see two cannonballs stuck in the walls on the east side of the powder tower. When the French had to retreat from the advancing Prussians the next day, the general was to blow up the castle complex; the dungeon of the powder tower was probably filled with explosive powder, the traces and remains of which were allegedly found there at the beginning of the 20th century. They had Bentheim evacuated and the citizens had to walk half an hour from the place. According to tradition, this project failed because a gust of wind slammed the iron entrance door to the powder tower and pinched the already burning fuse of the explosive charge. As a result, the castle was preserved, albeit badly damaged.
In 1804, the year of Napoleon's coronation as emperor, the county came back into the possession of the Counts of Bentheim, who were allowed to bear the title of Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt as part of the restoration of feudal conditions after Napoleon's final defeat in 1817 . At that time, the castle was largely in a devastated state and consequently uninhabitable, whereupon from 1848 the rebuilding of the castle began sparingly. The Kronenburg - the medieval palace - was expanded into a representative residence under Prince Alexis II of Bentheim and Steinfurt (1845–1919). When the First World War broke out in 1914, renovation work on the castle was also temporarily suspended.
Todays use
Today the castle can be visited as a museum , which was set up by Oskar Prinz zu Bentheim and Steinfurt. Except for a small private part - in which members of the dynasty of Bentheim and Steinfurt still live today - all other sections of the castle can be explored by visitors. For example, there are state rooms in the Kronenburg as well as exhibitions of medieval artefacts relating to the history of the castle and the princely family. The entire facility is well signposted with information in German, Dutch and English and invites you to explore on your own. At the weekend or by appointment, you can take part in a two-hour guided tour through the castle complex. Guided tours are always on Friday and Saturday at 2 p.m. and on Sunday at 11 a.m.
It is also possible to get married in the castle in the so-called Ernst August Salon (named after King Ernst August of Hanover , whose kingdom at that time included the County of Bentheim ) from May to September.
There is a fee to visit the castle. It is open daily from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. in the summer half-year, and only until 5 p.m. in the winter half-year.
investment
Lower and upper castle gate
If you want to enter the castle, you first have to go through the lower castle gate , which dates back to the 13th century. There you can see pagan and Christian symbols carved into the sandstone on the left and right, such as sun wheels, swords, crosses, rodent feet or even the Christ monogram IHS . Today there is a café in the lower castle gate.
Then you come to the left hand to the upper castle gate ; the Prinzessinnengarten on the right - or herb garden - is cordoned off by a gate and inaccessible to visitors. The castle gate, getting dark discolored through the centuries, was in the 17th century by the Dutch architect Philip Vingboom (1614-1679) in a rustic house designed -Quaderung.
The Katharinenkirche
If you walk towards the upper castle gate, you will find the Gothic chapel on the right side of the gate with its Bingelturm, also known as Katharinenkirche , which dates back to Roman times . It consists of a single nave with a choir in front of it and was first mentioned in 1406 (according to other sources, 1415).
In 1544, Count Arnold von Bentheim had the church ready for Protestant worship. It was given to the Catholics for a certain time under Count Ernst Wilhelm, but after the establishment of the Catholic Church in Bentheim, the Reformed community got the church back. As early as 1767, the Katharinenkirche was no longer used for church purposes; the equipment was no longer available and the floor was dirty. In 1778 a hurricane destroyed the baroque tower spire and it was then rebuilt in its current form.
The Katharinenkirche can now be visited as a museum. The church has a rather plain interior; there is a large wooden gallery and a small stone pulpit. A wooden statue of the Madonna from the 16th century, created by Evert van Roden , hangs from the ceiling . There are also numerous old sandstone gravestones and coats of arms of the Counts of Bentheim and their relatives. Since August 2016, the Romanesque sculpture of "Herrgotts von Bentheim" has been in the choir of the Katharinenkirche. It was previously at the foot of the powder tower (see description there). Visiting the church is free.
The Kronenburg
The Kronenburg , a Gothic palace , is a multi-storey and representative residential building of the lords of the castle, the core of which goes back to the 12th century. The name comes from the building's crown-like chimneys.
From 1883 to 1914, the Kronenburg was expanded; the building was set up under Prince Alexis II of Bentheim and Steinfurt in the style of historicism and the architect Franz Anton Nordhoff from Münster redesigned the Kronenburg between 1883 and 1912 in the English neo-Gothic style as a residence for the princely family. However, the war from 1914 ended the construction work on the castle prematurely and the northern part of the Kronenburg remained unfinished for the time being.
Today the living quarters, which were decorated in the style of historicism, are part of the museum and can be visited; These include a knight's hall , a study, a library, a hunting room and the former bedchamber of a princess in rococo style with furniture from 1890, in which Queen Emma of the Netherlands also stayed (she was the sister of Princess Pauline zu Bentheim and Steinfurt who was married to Prince Alexis; accordingly, she often visited her sister at the castle or stayed at the bath in Bentheim). The room also served as a bedroom for King Ernst August of Hanover during his visit to Bad Bentheim. The knight's hall on the first floor was expanded into a banquet hall between 1908 and 1912: On the left wall you can see a real horse harness hanging on a wooden horse's head; In addition, on the mighty sandstone pillar in the middle of the room you can see antique booze feathers and old standards on the left and right, the right one from the time of the Thirty Years' War. The large carpet that covers the floor of the great hall is Queen Emma's wedding present to her sister Pauline and her brother-in-law Alexis and is therefore more than 120 years old. In addition, an exhibition room on the upper floor shows numerous historical documents and valuables (such as fine cutlery, armor, family trees, certificates or clothing) from the possession of the von Bentheim family.
The powder tower
The Powder Tower is a mighty, 30 meter high keep , which is one of the oldest parts of the castle, dating from the 11th and 12th centuries; However, it received its present form in the early 16th century. In it there is also a room carved 12 meters deep into the rock (12 meters from the top edge of the battlements), into which you can look from above and which was used as a dungeon, powder chamber, pantry etc. and whose only entrance is the square hole inside of the tower forms; there is no access from outside. The keep has a square base; it is 14 meters long and just as wide; the wall thickness in the base is about 5.50 meters. In front of the entrance to the tower on the wall passage is a bronze cannon from 1557, the carriage of which is painted in red and yellow; the colors of Bentheim. In addition to the coat of arms of the counts, the following inscription can be seen on that gun:
Everwin Grave To Benthem Tecklenborch Und Stenvorde Her To Rede Und Wevelinckhove Ec. Rueme dat Velt dat I rade Who I speak so hoet dich Hans Wideman goet me. Anno Dnī 1557.
With that, Everwin III. von Bentheim and Steinfurt meant, who lived from 1536 to 1562, which in turn would be compatible with the year on the gun. It is mentioned that he was not only Count zu Bentheim , Steinfurt and Tecklenburg , but also Lord of Rheda and Wevelinghoven .
If you are on the platform of the tower, which is accessible to visitors , you are standing at a height of approx. 130 meters above sea level. NN. There used to be four wooden corner turrets that were destroyed by a storm on December 8, 1703, the second Advent. They were replaced in 1706 by turrets made of solid sandstone bearing the Latin inscription: a teMpestate DeIeCta a tVtore reteCta. That means: "Thrown by the storm, covered again by the guardian". The term guardian refers to Bishop Clemens August von Cologne , who had the county administered by Count Franz Georg von Manderscheid-Blankenheim , since Count Hermann Friedrich von Bentheim was still a minor at the time. This lettering is also a chronogram indicating the year of the restoration of the turrets: MDCCVI = 1706.
On the east side of this keep are two coats of arms under an inscription: the one on the left is Bentheim's coat of arms, the one on the right is that of Mecklenburg, since the builder of the powder tower, Count Everwin II the Wise and Rich of Bentheim, with Ingeborg von Mecklenburg -Stargard was married. On the opposite west side of the tower there is again an inscription with a coat of arms at a great height, which is difficult to recognize: It is a shield with Bentheim's shield nails, which are also depicted on the coat of arms of the County of Bentheim. The short lettering is:
In't Jar our Heren mccccxviii word deze torn tot Benthem erbowet door the noble Junckherr Everwyn, graven to Benthem et Tecklenborg.
It should be noted that Everwin I did not inherit the county of Bentheim until 1421, three years later than stated in the inscription. The content is therefore to be read with reservation.
The entire tower has holes in the stone blocks that are reminiscent of bullet holes, which could lead to the assumption that they came from one of the many wars the castle had to endure. These holes come from the bricklayers and stonemasons who built the tower: the blocks were drilled lightly so that they could be grabbed with iron pliers or moved with a crane. On the east side of the powder tower, however, there are also real historical cannon balls, which originate from the bombardment by the French troops in 1795 and which got stuck in the masonry, as already mentioned.
If you go down the stairs next to the tower to get to the inner courtyard, you could see the Lord God of Bentheim here until 2016 , an early Romanesque stone crucifix from the 11th century by an unknown artist. It depicts Christ crucified in the pose of a victor and judge (typical of Romanesque triumphal crosses). The statue is 2.80 meters high and 1.40 meters wide. It was made from Bentheim sandstone. Noteworthy is the upright and rigid posture, which is unusual for a representation of Christ, as well as his full clothing and particularly bent arms. There are also no signs of wounds.
According to the tradition of the Vita Arnoldi (life description of Count Arnold II, written around 1608), the cross was overturned and buried around 1545 after the introduction of the Reformation (1544 Evangelical-Lutheran; 1588 Evangelical-Reformed). It was found in 1828 (?) Probably near the Schulte-Kolthoff farm in the west of Bad Bentheim in an underground field, according to other assumptions on the Kreuzkamp in the south of the village. At first it was stored in the castle. In 1868 it was installed in the courtyard between the powder tower and the castle gate.
In 1945 a Canadian (according to other information Polish) military vehicle that drove backwards against the "Lord God" seriously damaged the statue. It broke in two. After the restoration in 1951, it was moved to a new place at the foot of the powder tower. At the end of August 2016, the “Herrgott von Bentheim” was set up in the Katharinenkirche because it is better protected from the weather.
The Lord God of Bentheim is one of the oldest testimonies to the Christian faith in the region. The exclamation “Herrgott von Bentheim” used to be common as a quick prayer, a sign of the popularity of the old figure of Christ far beyond the county of Bentheim. It is possible that this exclamation was passed on by wandering journeymen, because it is known as far as southern Germany, but has been forgotten in the county.
The battery tower
The battery tower from the beginning of the 15th century - also known as the round tower due to its shape - is a 45 meter high defense tower erected directly on the rock, whose gun chambers are connected to the Kronenburg by a connecting structure - the gallery - and in front of the south - as well as the western wall of the castle complex. The so-called torture cellar and the dungeon are located on the two lower floors. These are battery positions for heavy-weight and long-barreled firearms, as shown by the smoke outlets for the cannons in the outer walls. The rooms also served as storage facilities, the remains of a horse mill can still be seen. Both rooms can be visited. In March 2002, an alchemical laboratory was reconstructed on the ground floor . Details are explained through tape information and display boards. About 70 documents from the library there prove that such a laboratory was actually located in Steinfurt Castle (where the headquarters of Bentheim Castle is located).
The fountain
On the north side of the castle wall there is a 23 meter deep well (which in earlier times was probably up to 30 meters deep), which, according to legend, was dug by two knights captured in war. This, so the story goes, offered to dig at a well during a period of drought in order to obtain freedom from the count in return. After ten years - the drought was long over - they encountered water. When they were taken out of the shaft, they fell into each other's arms with happiness and exhaustion and then sank lifeless to the ground.
The Drusus rock
Is on the southwest side of the castle a small, high, single sandstone rocks, Drususfelsen or the devil ear cushions mentioned.
The legend about the rock and the origins of Bentheim Castle: The knight Bento (presumably derived from Bentheim) promised the devil who was to build him a castle, the first soul the devil would meet after the building was completed. The devil hoped that this would take Bento under his control. So the devil spent the whole night building a castle with his helpers, which he built on the Bentheimer Berg. Exhausted from his work, the devil fell asleep on said sandstone rock; one ear was firmly attached to the rock. In the morning the knight Bento let his raven fly out, whose croak woke the devil. Furious that the count had set him up, the prince of the underworld jumped up, his ear tearing off and sticking to the rock. The devil then disappeared and Bento had his castle. The rock was henceforth called Teufelsohrkissen (for a more detailed version of the legend see under web links). With a little imagination, you can see this imprint in the sandstone, if you look out of the window of the great hall to the north at the top of the small massif.
On the west side of the monolith , a Latin inscription is engraved into the rock above: HIC DRUSUS DIXIT IURA TUBANTIBUS. In German: Here Drusus pronounced the Tubanten right. This text was probably carved into the stone around 1715, when Count Georg von Manderscheid-Blankenheim reigned for Count Hermann Friedrich von Bentheim-Bentheim, who was then still underage, from 1704 to 1716. Whether Drusus , who passed through Germania, actually penetrated into Bentheim territory cannot be proven. The fact that he spoke right to the Tubanten therefore probably belongs to the legendary world.
According to oral tradition, there was once a pre-Christian shrine, the pagan temple , where the knight's hall is today .
Bentheim Castle in art
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In the past centuries, Bentheim Castle has often been integrated into their paintings and drawings by Dutch landscape painters.
The well-known Dutch painter Jacob van Ruisdael (1628–1681), for example, made Bentheim Castle one of his frequently chosen motifs. In 1650, the 22-year-old van Ruisdael moved through the German-Dutch border area with his artist colleague Nicolaes Berchem. He also discovered the castle, which apparently fascinated him: His visit resulted in many paintings on which Bentheim Castle can be seen as the main motif. A year after his trip, he processed his impressions in a painting. The castle then became one of his motifs again and again, one last time on a work from 1670. In Ruisdael's paintings, however, the mountain on which the castle is located is always shown much higher than it is in reality.
Six of his most beautiful pictures of the castle were shown at an exhibition at the Mauritshuis in The Hague , which lasted from the end of February to the end of May 2009 and was entitled Groeten uit Bentheim, Jacob van Ruisdael (Greetings from Bentheim, Jacob van Ruisdael). In addition, six other pictures by other painters were also shown, including a drawing from 1654 by Anthonie Waterloo , another from 1743 by Isaäc de Moucheron and a painting by Nicolaes Berchem .
A total of more than 25 paintings with Bentheim Castle and the Bentheim landscape are known today; one painting was destroyed in a fire in the Boymans Museum ( Rotterdam ); many pictures are privately owned. In 1988 the Niedersächsische Sparkassenstiftung acquired an original painting by van Ruisdael (view of Bentheim Castle from the north-west; oil on canvas). It is on permanent loan at Frenswegen Monastery in Nordhorn . Another painting by Jacob van Ruisdael (waterfall with Bentheim Castle from the north-west) has been on permanent loan in the Museum am Herrenberg in Bad Bentheim since 2017.
Only one depiction of Bentheim Castle is known by Nicolaes Berchem : The painting Landscape with Bentheim Castle is dated 1656 and is now hanging in the Dresden Picture Gallery (inv. No. 1481).
The castle park
Below the castle is the so-called castle park , a green, twelve-hectare park in the style of princely gardens of the 18th century - in its current form in 1973 and 1974 - with a lake, trees and large areas of grass. In summer, a water fountain is in operation in the castle park, which shoots up in a shallow basin made of sandstone. This fountain is surrounded by symmetrically arranged rose and lavender areas, which are themselves fenced in by hedges and line the path. Especially in summer you can watch animals here: numerous ducks swim in the lake, which are often fed by people, or rabbits that live in the bushes of the park. In the north-western part of the park there is a playground and a water playground for children. When snow has fallen in winter, the mostly younger population of Bad Bentheim is drawn to the steep slopes in the south of the facility directly below the castle to toboggan down there with the sledge.
In summer, on the last Saturday of August, there is a large flea market in Bad Bentheim, which extends over the entire park. Furthermore, the fair takes place every year on the large parking lot in the west of the castle park . On the opposite side is the Bad Bentheim sandstone museum .
Roses in the courtyard
In 2004, 49 historical rose varieties from three centuries were planted in five beds in the courtyard of Bentheim Castle . Reinhard Prinz and Angela Princess zu Bentheim made the plantable areas available. The planting took place within the framework of the Euregio project of the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Agriculture for the "Cross-border development and marketing of innovative plant products"; short GEVIP. The aim is to protect these ornamental plant varieties from extinction and to cultivate them again in the gardens. Most of the roses come from the Rosarium in Sangerhausen , the world's largest rose collection.
Among other things, there are rose varieties such as
- Ghislaine de Féligonde from 1916
- Souvenir de la Malmaison from 1843
- Queen of Denmark from 1826
De la Grifferaie
Tuscany Superb
Queen of Denmark
So far unidentified rose species
The garden culture had particularly in castles and palaces from the 17th to the 19th century, a high priority; the care and cultivation of that time led to the breeding of varieties available today.
See also
Trivia
- The botanist Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart is said to have found the glass herb at the foot of the south wall of the castle complex .
- The white woman - de witte Jüffer - is a kind of castle ghost. According to legend, the noble lady (allegedly Countess Sophie von Bentheim) who lived in the castle died on a pilgrimage in 1176. Her soul found no rest and fled back to the castle, where she is said to still haunt today. If you meet her at the witching hour, you shouldn't look her in the face, because you know how she will become and die. You get a blow with the bunch of keys, which hangs on the side of her robe, as soon as you block her way. If you cannot avoid it, you should immediately tie a handkerchief around your hand so that all four corners point forward. Then the "witte Jüffer" will take hold of these corners, which then show burns; however, the owner of the cloth is spared. “There were only two black holes where her eyes were normally located and it was as if she wanted to eat up and lure her counterpart with them,” says the legend.
literature
- Carl Krumbeim: The Lord God of Bentheim. Heimatverein des Grafschaft Bentheim, special edition. Series of publications Das Bentheimer Land , Volume 46.Walter Dorn Verlag, Bremen-Horn 1956, DNB 452610729 .
- Rudolf vom Bruch: The knight seats of the Emsland . Verlag Aschendorff, Münster (Westphalia) 1962, ISBN 3-402-05131-1 .
- Gustav Engel: Landesburg and sovereignty on Osning, Wiehen and on the Weser. Pfeffer, Bielefeld 1979, ISBN 3-88024-028-0 .
- Edgar F. Warnecke: The big book of castles and palaces in the land of Hase and Ems . Verlag H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrück 1980, ISBN 3-87898-229-1 .
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Lord God of Bentheim. In: If stones could talk. Volume I, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1989, ISBN 3-7842-0397-3 , pp. 126-128.
- Herbert Lange, Steffen Burkert: Herrgott von Bentheim: A Bentheim superstar from the 11th century. In: Mute Witnesses. Monuments and cultural sites in the Upper County of Bentheim , Grafschafter Nachrichten, Nordhorn 2009 pp. 17–18
- Helmut Schönrock: Jacob von Ruisdael: Waterfall with Bentheim Castle from the northwest . In: Bentheimer Jahrbuch 2019 (Das Bentheimer Land Volume 223), Bad Bentheim 2018, p. 257 ff.
Web links
- Official website of the castle
- Bentheim Castle as a 3D model in SketchUp's 3D warehouse
- The devil's ear pillow The legend of the creation of Bentheim Castle
- Historical reconstruction drawing
- Entry by Stefan Eismann on Bentheim Castle in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herbert Lange, Steffen Burkert (Ed.): Stumme Zeugen. Monuments and cultural sites in the Upper County of Bentheim . GN book, p. 17.18 .
- ^ History of Bentheim Castle
- ^ New exhibition: "Greetings from Bentheim, Jacob van Ruisdael" (2009 - Mauritshuis in The Hague) . Retrieved January 22, 2020.