Eugene Guth

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Eugene Guth , in Europe he published earlier than Eugen Guth, (born August 21, 1905 in Budapest , † July 5, 1990 ) was an American physicist with Hungarian roots.

Life

Guth received his doctorate in theoretical physics in 1928 at the University of Vienna under Hans Thirring . As a post-doctoral student he was at the ETH Zurich with Wolfgang Pauli and in 1930/31 at the University of Leipzig with Werner Heisenberg . From 1932 he was a professor at the University of Vienna. At that time he dealt with nuclear physics, where he worked with Theodor Sexl . In 1937 he went to the United States to study at the University of Notre Dame , where he became a professor in 1941 and headed the polymer physics laboratory he founded from 1941 to 1955 (with a research professorship).

During World War II he was director of the Office of Rubber Research Project from 1943 to 1945 and from 1946 to 1955 he was director of the polymer physics and theoretical physics projects of the Office of Naval Research. 1956-1971 he was a technical advisor to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory .

1971/72 he was visiting professor at Rice University and from 1968 until his death in 1990 part-time professor at the University of Tennessee .

In 1942 he became a US citizen. He had been married to Roma Claire Lynch since 1947 and had four children.

In 1938 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society . In 1965 he received the Bingham Medal . In 1979 he received the Cross of Honor for Science and Art of the Republic of Austria.

Paul Urban is one of his students .

plant

He is considered one of the pioneers in the physics and physical chemistry of polymers and their rheology , working both theoretically and experimentally. With Herman Mark he developed a kinetic theory of rubber elasticity with the model of a polymer as a long chain flexible molecule, which is subjected in a liquid random collisions of a Brownian movement, and could be a formula for the entropy -Income during entanglement state of the polymer molecules. With HM James he developed a network theory of rubber elasticity in 1939. Guth also studied the viscosity of suspensions (building on the work of Albert Einstein and George Barker Jeffery ).

In nuclear physics, as early as 1934, he considered the scattering of fast electrons on nuclei as a means of researching the nuclear structure, a research area for which Robert Hofstadter later received the Nobel Prize, and Hofstadter also praised Guth as a forerunner of his research. He dealt with the excitation of heavy nuclei with X-rays, published in 1949 a shell-theoretical treatment of the photo- and electrodisintegration of beryllium nuclei with one of the earliest applications of the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) in nuclear physics (early treatment of the photoelectric effect in nuclei, also with deuterium ), gave an early theory of the Coulomb excitation of nuclei and proposed Coulomb splitting of nuclei in 1966 with L. Wilets.

In 1962 he generalized theory of the dithering motion of Schrödinger in relativistic quantum mechanics to any particles spins.

Further work dealt among other things with electrical conduction phenomena.

As early as 1929 he published a book on the history of quantum theory.

Fonts (selection)

As an author

Monographs
  • Development and foundations of quantum physics . Springer Verlag 1929.
Essays
  • Equations of State for Natural and Synthetic Rubbers I . In: Journal of Chemical Physics , Volume 46 (1942), p. 826.
  • together with S. Leonard Dart: Rise of Temperature on Fast Stretching of Butyl Rubber . In: Journal of Chemical Physics , Volume 13 (1945), p. 28.
  • together with Hubert M. James: Theory of Retraction of Stressed Rubber In: Physical Review , Volume 66 (1944), p. 33.
  • together with Hubert M. James: Wave Equations for Finite Elastic Strains . In: Journal of Applied Physics , Volume 16 (1945), p. 643.
  • together with Hubert M. James: Theory of Increase in Rigidity of Rubber During Cure . In: Journal of Chemical Physics , Volume 15 (1947), p. 669.
  • together with Donald G. Ivey and B. Adalbert Mrowca: Propagation of Ultrasonic Bulk Waves in High Polymers . In: Journal of Applied Physics , Volume 20 (1949), p. 486.
  • together with Hubert M. James: Simple Presentation of the Network Theory of Rubber. With a Discussion of Other Theories . In: Journal of Polymer Science B: Polymer Physics , Volume 4 (1949), p. 153.
  • together with Ming C. Wang: Statistical Theory of Networks of non-Gausian Flexible Chains . In: Journal of Chemical Physics , Volume 20 (1952), p. 1144.
  • together with Hubert M. James: Statistical Thermodynamics of Rubber Elasticity . In: Journal of Chemical Physics , Volume 20 (1952), p. 1039.
  • Statistical Mechanics of Polymers . In: Journal of Polymer Science C , Vol. 12 (1966), p. 89.
  • Birth and Rise of Polymer Science- Myth and Truth, Keynote Address of the International Applied Polymer Science Symposium 1976, Stockholm . In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science , Volume 35 (1979), p. 1.

editor

  • together with James E. Mark: Elastomeric Polymer Networks . Prentice Hall Publishers, 1992 (Guth's 85th birthday commemorative publication)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Guth, Mark, on internal molecular statistics, especially in chain molecules I, monthly for chemistry, Volume 65, 1934, pp. 93-124
  2. ↑ Guth, James, Elastic and Thermodynamic Properties of Rubberlike Materials: A Statistical Theory, Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Volume 33, 1941, p. 624
  3. ↑ Guth, James, Theory of Elastic Properties of Rubber, Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 15, 1943, p. 2941
  4. ↑ Einstein's dissertation A new definition of molecular dimensions , Annalen der Physik, Volume 19, 1906, p. 289
  5. ^ Jeffery, The Motion of Ellipsoidal Particles Immersed in a Viscous Fluid, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, Vol. 102, 1922, pp. 161-179
  6. ^ Radiative Transition Probabilities in Heavy Nuclei: Excitation of Nuclei by X-rays, Physical Review, Volume 59, 1941, p. 325. The topic is closely related to the Mössbauer effect, which was discovered later .
  7. ^ Guth, CJ Mullin: Photo-and-Electro-Disintegration of Be 9, Physical Review, Volume 76, 1949, p. 234
  8. ↑ Guth, Wilets, Proposal for an Experiment on Adiabatically Induced Coulomb Fission, Physical Review Letters, Volume 16, 1966, p. 30
  9. ^ Guth, Unified Hamiltonian Theory of Relativistic Particle Equations, Annals of Physics, Volume 20, 1962, p. 309
  10. ↑ Guth, F. Mayerhöfer, On the Deviations from Ohm's Law at High Current Densities, Physical Review, Volume 57, 1940, p. 908
  11. ^ Guth, CJ Mullin, Electron Emission from Metals in Electric Fields, I, Explanation of Periodic Deviations from Schottky Line, Physical Review, Volume 59, 1941, p. 575
personal data
SURNAME Guth, Eugene
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Good, Eugene
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian-American physicist
DATE OF BIRTH August 21, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH 5th July 1990