Evangelical Church (Lieberhausen)
The Protestant village church Lieberhausen is a middle of the village of Lieberhausen located church from the 11th century. She became known for her ceiling paintings.
history
The small late Romanesque three-aisled pillar basilica with a wide central nave in Gummersbach- Lieberhausen , first mentioned in 1174 as subject to a tenth obligation to the Cologne Severinsstift , is listed in the Liber valoris around 1274 as a Gummersbach chapel before it became an independent parish church in the course of the 14th century.
The transept and choir were renewed in the 15th century. Then they started painting the interior of the church. In 1586 the Reformation reached the place. From 1589, the old paintings were repaired for the first time and some new ones were added. What is unique in the Rhineland is that here in Lieberhausen, pre- and post-Reformation paintings can be viewed side by side.
The murals and ceiling paintings rediscovered in 1909 (after they had only been whitewashed in the middle of the 19th century) were restored from 1911 to 1913 and again in 1954.
architecture
The church in Lieberhausen is a three-aisled quarry stone building with an oblong front west tower, transept and originally rectangular choir, in the open it is 23.80 m long (with tower), 11.70 m wide.
The four-storey tower projecting across the width of the central nave in front of the west side is unadorned, on the ground floor there is a modern window in place of the old main portal. The tower room has two windows on the long sides and one round-arched, undivided window on the narrow sides. The church has a four-sided slate roof pyramid.
The aisles show a simple 19th century door on their west sides, two arched windows on the long sides and small arched windows in the upper aisle of the central nave. The transept has large, undivided pointed arch windows on both gable sides ; the gable fields themselves are separated by a Gothic, badly damaged trachyte cornice. The straight gable wall of the choir area was broken away in the middle of this century and a three-sided choir closure was carried out, including the sacristy .
Inside, the entire width of the tower opens towards the central nave and is covered with a belt-shaped barrel vault. The central nave has two square, simple cross vaults , which are separated by a tough belt arch on heavy pillars.
The side aisles, of which the northern one is slightly wider, have wide belt arches and burr oblong cross vaults. The arches in the nave, e.g. B. the two large belt arches in the nave, are z. T. even without soffit cornices.
The transept has pointed arches and corresponding cross vaults with a straight rib profile with unadorned round keystones . The narrow triumphal arch rests on high eight-sided service-like consoles, one of which is provided with a simple cantilever plate, the other with a cube capital. In the east wall of the transept there is an ogival wall niche for the side altars.
The ground plan of the church is similar to the church in Müllenbach .
Murals
The inside of the church was entirely painted; the wall paintings, which probably only belonged to the 17th or 18th century, were whitewashed a decade or two ago. After the Reformation the church got even more pictures. The Ten Commandments should clearly support the sermon. Many Bible verses were placed on small tablets. At the beginning of the 20th century, the former picture decorations were restored by Anton Bardenhewer. On the occasion of the inauguration of the renewed church on November 30, 1913, Pastor Moritz Reinhold wrote in his commemorative publication:
"The wall decorations discovered in our church are extremely rich and valuable."
Two things led to the trace of these paintings, first the saying “so colorful as the Lieberhuser Kerke”, which is well known beyond the local borders, then a decree from the middle of the 19th century found in the archive, through which to put an end to the annoying proverb , is ordered to whitewash the church walls. However, the proverb probably did not refer to the most ancient, most valuable pictures from the 15th century, but to a later overpainting, which in its spoiled condition must have given rise to the aforementioned decree. Since then the church has been whitewashed from top to bottom, including the magnificent basalt stone arches on the vaults, and there was no trace of its architectural or picturesque beauty to be seen.
As for the community in general, the year 1586 was of decisive importance for the fate of the ancient paintings. In 1570 Hermann Garenfeld was elected pastor of Lieberhausen. The same is first portrayed as a devotee and defender of the Roman Catholic religion. He later studied Luther's writings and came to the conclusion that Luther's teaching was consistent with the scriptures. In addition, members of the community also urged the Reformation. In 1586, he is said to have reported to the congregation that he would preach Lutheran in the next service. This Lutheran sermon so moved the congregation that it immediately "fell over" like a man, i. H. fell to the Reformation. The result was that the existing images were eliminated. Strangely enough, new wall paintings were then executed in the church, which has now become Protestant. This can be seen both from the three existing number 1589, as well as from a number of preserved, now also renovated paintings, which are characterized in color and execution as products of the 16th century.
A wealthy congregation member who was influential at the time - perhaps a master of the tailors' guild, as indicated by a tailor's coat of arms on the dedication plaque - seems to have made a significant financial contribution to decorating the church with these new images. The dedication reads: "To God's praise and honor this Kerk has want to help the noble and pious Johannes Broch ... eleud (= married couple) 1589". At last two well-preserved coats of arms were uncovered, which, although the inscriptions underneath could no longer be deciphered, are without a doubt those of the former owners of the Koverstein family. The idyllically situated ruin of Koverstein has been almost completely torn down in the last decade, probably because of the danger of collapse. The name seems to come from "copper" rather than from Corvus (raven), which is indicated by a copper tunnel still in good memory. One coat of arms in the church shows a chain with a broken link, like a helmet decorated with a kind of heron feather, while the other coat of arms shows a helmet over a shield; a heart can be seen between the eagle's soaring wings and on the shield. According to the inscription of the tombstones found on the floor of the church, which are now upright attached to the front of the outer wall, the bones of those from Koverstein were "buried in the choir ". Well-preserved documents, writings, signatures, as well as notes in old church registers keep the memory of these once influential noble families, which among other things held the right of collation - secular appointment and introduction of the elected pastor - alive. They are the gentlemen von Koverstein, von Neuenhove, von Klepping, von Pöppinghaus.
organ
The first organ was built in 1765 by the organ builder Johann Heinrich Kleine. The case has been preserved to this day. The organ was created in 1913 by the organ builder Paul Faust (Barmen). The cone store instrument has twelve stops on two manuals and a pedal . The actions are electro-pneumatic.
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- Coupling: I / I (super-octave coupling), II / I (also as sub-octave coupling), I / P, II / P
literature
- Verena Kessel: Last Judgment and balance of the soul. Great art in small churches. The colorful churches in the Bergisches Land (= Bensberger Edition. 2). Edited by Wolfgang Isenberg, Thomas More Academy . Bergisch Gladbach 2010, ISBN 978-3-89198-117-7 .
Web links
- Entry on Evangelical parish church “Bunte Kerke” in Lieberhausen (“Bonte Kerke”) in the database “ KuLaDig ” of the Rhineland Regional Association
- Ana Suhr: The devil has breasts - church paintings in Lieberhausen. In: Deutschlandfunk broadcast “Day by Day”. November 20, 2018 (also as mp3 audio , 8.3 MB, 9:01 minutes).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Dietrich Rentsch: Oberbergischer Kreis. Volume 1: Bergneustadt - Marienberghausen (= The monuments of the Rhineland. Volume 10). IA d. Landschaftsverband Rheinland ed. by Rudolf Wesenberg and Albert Verbeek . Rheinland-Verlag / L.Schwann, Düsseldorf 1967, DNB 457925221 .
- ↑ Evangelical Church "Bunte Kerke". (No longer available online.) In: liebehausen.de. Heimatverein Hicksland e. V. Lieberhausen, 2014, archived from the original on October 10, 2017 ; accessed on November 20, 2018 .
- ↑ More information about the organ: Gabriel Isenberg: Lieberhausen: Evangelical "Bunte Kerke". In: orgelsammlung.de, accessed on November 20, 2018.
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 45 ″ N , 7 ° 40 ′ 1.5 ″ E