Promotional bank
Development banks (also: Landesförderinstitute ) are special banks that pass on public funds within the framework of special credit programs .
General
The Deutsche Bundesbank lists them in the banking statistics under the “banks with special tasks” sector, distinguishing between dependent departments and institutions of monetary financial institutions. Development institutes are among the specialist banks with a statutory mandate that is anchored in their statutes . Independent promotional banks only have the legal form of an establishment under public law , which continues to be endowed with the institutional burden and guarantor liability of their sponsor . While these liability features no longer apply to other public-law credit institutions (in particular to Landesbanken and Sparkassen ), they were allowed to be maintained by promotional banks after the Brussels Concordance of July 17, 2001. The reason is that the promotional banks do not conduct any competitive business with their promotional mandate and are therefore not in competition with other credit institutions . Since April 11, 2002, the German federal and state-owned development banks have been allowed to retain Anstaltslast, guarantor liability and / or state refinancing guarantees within the framework of Understanding II .
Legal issues
Development banks are credit institutions because, according to Section 1 (1) No. 2 KWG, they mainly conduct lending business and therefore require a license from the BaFin banking supervisory authority in accordance with Section 32 (1) KWG. Since their sponsors are exclusively the respective federal states , development banks belong to the public credit institutions .
Funding order
According to their statutes, they have the public mandate to support the respective federal state and its municipal bodies in the fulfillment of their public tasks , in particular in the areas of structural , economic , social and housing policy and to carry out support measures in accordance with the subsidy regulations of the European Community and manage. Here they are based on the principle of sustainability . In particular, they are active in the following funding areas:
- Securing and improving the medium-sized economic structure , in particular through financing for business start-ups ;
- state social housing subsidy ;
- Provision of venture capital ;
- structural development of cities and municipalities;
- Infrastructure measures;
- Measures in agriculture , forestry and rural areas ;
- Environmental protection measures;
- Technology / innovation actions ;
- Measures of a purely social nature;
- Measures of a cultural and scientific nature.
Organization of the funding institutes
At the state level there are the following funding institutes:
| Baden-Württemberg: | Landeskreditbank Baden-Württemberg - Development Bank (L-Bank) |
| Bavaria: | LfA Förderbank Bayern |
| Berlin: | Investment Bank Berlin (IBB) |
| Brandenburg: | Investment Bank of the State of Brandenburg (ILB) |
| Bremen: | Bremer Aufbau-Bank GmbH (BAB) |
| Hamburg: | Hamburg Investment and Development Bank |
| Hesse: | Economic and Infrastructure Bank Hessen (WIBank) |
| Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: | State Funding Institute Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
| Lower Saxony: | Investment and Development Bank Lower Saxony (NBank) |
| North Rhine-Westphalia: | NRW.Bank |
| Rhineland-Palatinate: | Investment and Structural Bank Rhineland-Palatinate (ISB) |
| Saarland: | Saarländische Investitionskreditbank AG |
| Saxony: | Saxon construction bank |
| Saxony-Anhalt: | Saxony-Anhalt Investment Bank |
| Schleswig-Holstein: | Schleswig-Holstein Investment Bank |
| Thuringia: | Thuringian construction bank |
At the federal level , the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) and the Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank act as national promotional banks. KfW is the world's largest national promotional bank and the third largest bank in Germany in terms of total assets . Its shareholders are the Federal Republic of Germany (80%) and the federal states (20%). It carries out both national and international funding programs.
procedure
The beneficiaries can usually not get in direct contact with the funding institutions, but have to forward the funding applications through their house bank . This forwards the funding application with its opinion to the funding institute, which, after checking against the funding guidelines , creates a loan approval that is forwarded to the house bank. This draws up its own loan agreement , which is based on the loan approval. This and the eligibility conditions are credit conditions that the applicant must meet. The later disbursement of the funds is also done via the house bank, which uses this as congruent refinancing for its own loan disbursement. In particular, when making payments, it is important to comply with the intended purpose , the fulfillment of which the development banks usually have confirmed by means of a proof of use.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Deutsche Bundesbank, Banking Statistics, Customer Systematics, Special Statistical Publication 2 , January 2014, p. 11
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Finance of April 4, 2002, State Aid No. E 10/2000 - Germany Anstaltslast and guarantor liability , reference number EC 3 - F 2505-93 / 02
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Finance of April 12, 2002, Anstaltslast and guarantor liability; Decision of the European Commission of March 27, 2002 , reference EC 3 - F2505-104 / 02
- ↑ z. B. § 5 Statutes of NRW.Bank
