Princely free drawing school Weimar

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The Princely Free Drawing School , originally Princely Freye Drawing School , was founded in 1776 in Weimar on the joint initiative of the scholar and entrepreneur, ducal secretary and case keeper Friedrich Justin Bertuch (1747-1822) and the painter Georg Melchior Kraus (1737-1806) of the Young Carl August (1757–1828), Duke of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, founded and financed an educational institution with an artistic focus, which was closed in 1930 after more than 150 years of existence. One of the most important sponsors, students and lecturers was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . From 1788 to 1832, as a Privy Councilor, he supervised this institution, which should not be confused with the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School in Weimar , which was founded in 1860 and from which the Weimar Art Academy emerged.

The classrooms, which were originally housed in the Red Palace , were moved to the Princely House in 1807 due to the increased number of students and were later partly on the Esplanade, partly in the Großer Jägerhaus on Marienstraße. In the latter, from 1824/25, under the supervision of the painter Louise Seidler (1786–1866) appointed as curator, the Grand Ducal Art Collection was also kept.

Theobald von Oer : The Weimar Court of Muses . The oil painting, created in 1860, 55 years after Schiller's death († 1805), depicts a reading by the poet in the park of Tiefurt Castle . Goethe can be seen standing among the audience on the right .

Tasks and meaning

The establishment of the Princely Free Drawing School is a clear sign of the increasing interest of court and bourgeois circles in art and craft since the second half of the 18th century.

Her original main task, which was entirely in the spirit of the Enlightenment, was to instruct local craftsmen in drawing , the aim being to sharpen their sense of the aesthetics of consumer goods , which in the long term should lead to a general increase in the quality of handicraft production. The subjects taught included drawing, painting and engraving, construction theory, mathematics and antiquity. In order to involve as broad an audience as possible in this training in taste and beauty and to introduce them to art, the facility was freely accessible to schoolchildren of all ages, classes and classes, as well as both sexes. It was therefore an important place for the discovery and promotion of talent and attracted numerous artists to the Weimar Classic and to its “ court of muses ”.

To complete the knowledge and artistic skills of its students through comparative viewing and copying, the drawing school built up its own collection of master images, which was also used for exhibitions from 1809;

The annual “Exhibition of the Princely Free Drawing School”, first held in 1779, gave the students the opportunity to show their works in public. The award ceremony associated with the exhibition traditionally took place on September 3rd, the birthday of Carl August.

From this drawing school, the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School Weimar , founded in 1860, was viewed as direct competition - it was now also a pre-school function for this painting school. However, it survived until its dissolution in 1930.

Directors of the princely free drawing school

  • 1776–1806: Georg Melchior Kraus (1737–1806), painter and etcher, see above
  • 1807–1832: Johann Heinrich Meyer (1760–1832), painter and art writer, friend of Goethe, teacher since 1795?
  • 1833–1842: Johann Karl Ludwig (von) Schorn (1793–1842), art scholar, curator of the Grand Ducal Art Collection
  • 1843 - ????: Adolf Schöll (1805–1882), archaeologist, librarian and literary historian
  • 1861–1868: Johann Christian Schuchardt (1799–1870), copperplate engraver, Goethe's former private secretary.
  • 1868–1873: Friedrich Preller the Elder. Ä. (1804–1878), former student, painter and etcher, teacher since 1843
  • 1873 - ????: Sixt Armin Thon (1817–1901), former student, painter, etcher and lithographer, 1873 director on an interim basis
  • 1896: Hugo Flintzer (1862–1917), painter and (student of Max Thedys )
  • 1917–1926: Franz Emil Goepfart (1866–1926), painter (student of Max Thedys )
  • 1926–1930: Arno Metzeroth, painter ( Schwaan artists' colony )

Teacher at the Princely Free Drawing School

In addition to the above Among other things, directors taught at the drawing school:

Student of the Princely Free Drawing School

Charlotte von Stein: Self-Portrait , 1790

sorted by year of birth:

See also

literature

  • Kerrin Klinger (ed.): Art and craft in Weimar. Böhlau, Cologne 2008.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The middle part of the Great Jägerhaus, which was badly damaged in World War II , at Marienstraße n ° 3 was rebuilt for the Bauhaus University .
  2. ↑ An attempt to reconstitute the gallery in the Großer Jägerhaus based on the inventory of Johann Heinrich Meyer from 1824 was made by the Weimarer Klassik Foundation in the exhibition entitled Goethe's picture gallery (2002) [1] .
  3. ↑ The activities of this Grand Ducal Saxon Art School in Weimar only lasted from 1860-1900 - that is, only during the lifetime of Grand Duke Carl Alexander.
  4. ↑ Christian Schuchardt was curator for the Grand Duke's graphic collection and the Goethean collections. He wrote the three-part inventory of Goethe's art collections (1848), a monumental Cranach biography (1851–1871) and explained the work The drawings by Asmus Jacob Carstens in the Grand Ducal Art Collection in Weimar (1863 Weimar) edited by Georg Wilhelm Müller . See [2]
  5. ^ Ina Weinrautner: Preller, Friedrich . In: New German Biography . tape 20 , 2001, p. 691 ( online version [accessed July 31, 2017]).