Martin Gottlieb Klauer

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Martin Gottlieb Klauer (born August 29, 1742 in Rudolstadt ; † April 4, 1801 in Weimar ) was a German sculptor , court sculptor in Weimar (1773) and art teacher at the Princely Free Drawing School there (1781).

Life

Klauer's father was the tailor Johann Michael Klauer in Rudolstadt. Klauer, in turn, was the father of Johann Christian Ludwig Klauer , who also became a sculptor. He learned his trade in Rudolstadt from the court sculptor Karl Adolph Kändler . At times he probably worked in Gera in Reuss and in Potsdam . From 1769 he worked as an independent craftsman in Rudolstadt. Klauer lost a child with his son Heinrich Günther as well as his wife Johanna Elisabeth, born in Rudolstadt in 1772. Kapler suffered. His wife, in turn, was the daughter of the princely cellar master. A picture in the Angermuseum in Erfurt with the inv. No. 3428 is interpreted by Helmut Börsch-Supan as a portrait of Klauer with his child as a dreamlike vision of Klauer. Then it would be the only known portrait by Klauer that Jacob Samuel Beck painted in 1775. From 1773 he worked as a court sculptor in Weimar and Bad Berka , where he ran a workshop for several years. This was also an option, since the Berka sandstone was also used a lot in Weimar. Furthermore, from 1781 he was one of the first teachers of the Princely Free Drawing School , founded and maintained by Duke Karl August , together with the painters Konrad Horny and Georg Melchior Kraus .

Klauer was appointed by Anna Amalia von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach as early as 1773 and became personally acquainted with Goethe by 1778 at the latest . A Goethe bust from that year is the first clear evidence of Klauer's Weimar artistic activity. In turn, through Goethe's influence, he came into contact with the ideas of antiquity. In contrast to Goethe, Klauer was never in Rome or in Italy . But he was able to study the plaster casts of the ancient sculptures in Mannheim . This happened in 1779 on the recommendation of Goethe and on behalf of the Duchess Anna-Amalia.

Klauer is said to have come to the Illuminati through Johann Joachim Christoph Bode . This is, however, doubted by W. Daniel Wilson .

plant

Tomb for Martin Gottlieb Klauer in the Jacobsfriedhof

Klauer created lifelike, monumental portrait busts from the Weimar district of Goethe in a classicist style, including grave and garden sculptures such as B. the snake stone in the park on the Ilm or the sundials of the Weimar Belvedere and the Tiefurt castle park . In addition, in 1796, based on a design by Heinrich Meyer, he created the gable group for the west gable of the Roman House , which was replaced by that of Peter Kaufmann in 1819 . His portraits from the circle of Goethe do not always have the idealizing trait like those of Schiller and Wieland by Dannecker or Schadow . His portraits of the young classics Goethe, Schiller, Herder and Wieland are of a captivating reality. Wieland praised this in the 20th volume of the Teutsches Merkur from 1781: “Bey dem Fuerstl. Court sculptor Mr. In Weimar are plaster casts to have the images which the same Herder, Goethe and Wieland, both Klauer en Buste as en Medallion recently after living manufactured. We are Hern. Klauer guilty of admitting the fairness that these images, both in terms of resemblance and art and taste of the elaboration, leave nothing to be desired, and in both respects do this skilful artist honor. "

Copies of the busts of Goethe, Schiller, Herder and Wieland can be found at the so-called Schehrtenplatz at the Weimar Belvedere, further portraits in the Duchess Anna Amalia Library (Herder busts by Klauer and Alexander Trippel , Goethe busts by Klauer and Pierre Jean David the Elder) 'Angers ). Busts created by Klauer u. a. also by Adam Friedrich Oeser , Johann Georg Jacobi and Johann Karl August Musäus .

Klauer also made numerous terracottas . In 1789 he founded an artificial brick factory, which he ran together with Friedrich Justin Bertuch . In Leipzig he also had a partner, but also a competitor in Carl Christian Heinrich Rost , who after Klauer's death was able to offer a significantly larger product range. This small art production, especially the terracottas, indicates that Klauer worked not only for his main client - the Weimarer Hof - but also for broader and less affluent circles. Its manufacture goes back to the suggestion of the industrial production of toreutics and terracotta by Eleanor Coade , the so-called Coade stone , in England. The fact that Klauer had proven that one can also have economic success with high-quality terracotta production was followed by others at the beginning of the 19th century. These included Tobias Christoph Feilner and Karl Friedrich Schinkel .

In 1774, Klauer also created the sea god sculpture of the Neptune Fountain in front of the court pharmacy on the Weimar market square. The Weimar town hall also has a sculpture by his hand in the entrance hall with the goddess of spring .

Klauer also left his mark on Tiefurt Castle , such as B. the ankle player from 1790 .

Although the vast majority of his works were or still are in Weimar, his work is not entirely limited to the city, but also extends to the surrounding area. For example , he created four figures for the altar of the Flurstedt village church .

Klauer was buried in the Jacobsfriedhof Weimar . His tomb - an urn on a fluted column - shows a snake writhing on the upper edge of the urn, biting its tail. A symbolic reference to Klauer's snake stone in the park on the Ilm can be assumed here. In the Ilmpark, the snake that winds its way up there around the round base, as a symbol of fertility, points to the power of nature, which promotes gardening and agriculture and at the same time brings healing power; in the case of the tomb, the bite in one's own tail alludes to death and rebirth . This stone was placed there in 1913. The urn of the tomb is made of red sandstone, while the renewed column was made of Elbe sandstone.

Selection of works

  • Neptune sculpture of the fountain on the Weimar market square, 1774

  • Plaster bust of Adam Friedrich Oeser, 1780

  • The Leutra spring with the Sphinx grotto in the Park on the Ilm, 1784–86

  • The snake stone Genio huius loci (The genius of this place), 1787

  • 1780: Bust of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe from Anna Amalias Ettersburg Illustration (PDF; 117 kB)
  • 1780: Bust of Anna Amalia from Goethe's garden house in the Ilm illustration (PDF; 117 kB)
  • around 1795: bust of Johann Georg Jacobi , height 67 cm, whereabouts unknown, illustration (website of the University of Freiburg, page 60; PDF; 9.83 MB)

meaning

Klauer is as closely linked to the Weimar Classicism as the court painter Johann Ernst Heinsius or Georg Melchior Kraus or Konrad Horny , whereby his well-characterizing portraits of the poets and certain members of the ducal family (Anna Amalia and others) are particularly significant. Numerous copies of his works are exhibited in various Goethe museums (including in Düsseldorf and Frankfurt am Main). The name of the artist in the field of portrait art has a lasting effect, especially in Weimar, on that of the garden designer. The sculptor Klauer worked, at least in large-scale sculptures, based on models or drafts mainly by Goethe or by Johann Heinrich Meyer, who was nicknamed "Kunschtmeyer" . His works thus reflect their artistic conception more than his own.

Literary legacy

The only literary work that can be traced back to Klauer is his catalog of the Turkish art produced in his workshop . The work records u. a. Medallions as well as gypsum, metal and other miniatures of his stone sculptures for the parks and downtown Weimar. This catalog should once have had the function of an order catalog:

  • Description and directory of the TOREVTICA-WAARE of the Klauer art factory in Weimar , ed. by Martin Gottlieb Klauer. With copper. (First second booklet), Weimar 1800.

Honors

  • Commemorative plaque on the house where he was born in Rudolstadt: "Martin Klauer, sculptor of the Goethe era, was born here on August 29, 1742", unveiled in April 1937

literature

  • Walter Geese: Gottlieb Martin Klauer - The sculptor Goethe. Leipzig 1935.
  • Christina Kröll:  Klauer, Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , p. 713 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Katharina Lippold: Classicist terracottas from the "artificial brick factory" by Martin Gottlieb Klauer. In: Anna Amalia: Carl August and the Weimar event. Göttingen 2007.
  • Martin Gottlieb Klauer . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 20 : Kaufmann – Knilling . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1927, p. 415-416 .
  • Classicist sculpture in the vicinity of Goethe. Face of the beautiful (catalog), Rudolstadt 2003.
  • Charlotte Schreiter: Antiquity at all costs. Plaster casts and copies of ancient plastic at the end of the 18th century. Berlin / Boston 2014, pp. 329–337.

Web links

Commons : Martin Gottlieb Klauer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Landesarchiv Rudolstadt: Holdings of the Secret Council College: Sign. 2912: Support of the sculptor Martin Klauer at a request of his father of the tailor Johann Michael Klauer in Rudolstadt, 1762 - 1766.
  2. ↑ Christina Kröll:  Klauer, Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , p. 713 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ↑ erfurt.de
  4. ↑ sopos.org ( Memento of the original from June 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sopos.org
  5. ↑ bad-berka.de
  6. ↑ Charlotte Schreiter: Antiquity at any price: plaster casts and copies of ancient plastic at the end of the 18th century. Berlin-Boston 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-031688-9 , p. 331.
  7. ^ W. Daniel Wilson: On the politics and social structure of the Illuminati order: On the occasion of a new publication by Hermann Schüttler. In: IASL . 19,1, 1994, pp. 176-180. Here p. 142 note 4 or p. 157 note 69. Accordingly, Schüttler had referred to the wrong theft.
  8. ↑ download.e-bookshelf.de (PDF).
  9. ^ Christoph Martin Wieland: Der Teutsche Merkur. Volume 20, Weimar 1781, p. 95 f. ( [1] ).
  10. ↑ Marcus Veltzke: The Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, 1775–1783: A model case of enlightened rule? Weimar 2004, ISBN 978-3-412-08603-9 , p. 255.
  11. ↑ download.e-bookshelf.de (PDF).
  12. ↑ Gertrud Ranft : Historical graves from Weimar's classical times: The Jacobsfriedhof: Der Historische Friedhof (= Weimar writings on local history and natural history published by the Stadtmuseum Weimar, volume 35, 1979), Weimar 1979, p. 35.
  13. ↑ Gerd Seidel, Walter Steiner: Building stone and building in Weimar (= Standing Commissions Culture of the Weimar City Council and the Weimar-Land District Council in cooperation with the Weimar City Museum (ed.): Tradition und Gegenwart. Weimarer Schriften. Issue 32). Weimar 1988, p. 73 f. ISBN 3-910053-08-4
personal data
SURNAME Klauer, Martin Gottlieb
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH August 29, 1742
PLACE OF BIRTH Rudolstadt
DATE OF DEATH April 4, 1801
Place of death Weimar