Fatty acid synthase

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Fatty acid synthase
Fatty acid synthase
after 1XKT

Existing structural data : 1XKT , 2CG5 , 2JFD , 2JFK , 2PX6 , 3HHD , 3TJM , 4PIV , 4W82 , 4W9N

Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 2511 amino acids
Secondary to quaternary structure Homodimer
Identifier
Gene names FASN FAS; OA-519; SDR27X1
External IDs
Enzyme classification
EC, category 2.3.1.85 ,  transferase
Response type Extension of an ACP fatty acid chain by two carbon atoms
Substrate Acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH
Products Long chain fatty acid + (n + 1) CoA + n CO (2) + 2n NADP (+)
Orthologue
human House mouse
Entrez 2194 14104
Ensemble ENSG00000169710 ENSMUSG00000025153
UniProt P49327 P19096
Refseq (mRNA) NM_004104 NM_007988
Refseq (protein) NP_004095 NP_032014
Gene locus Chr 17: 82.08 - 82.1 Mb Chr 11: 120.81 - 120.82 Mb
PubMed search 2194 14104

The fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the enzyme that in mammals and fungi the synthesis of fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA catalyzed . This is the main process of lipogenesis and vital for storing energy in all organs and parts of the body. In humans, a particularly large amount of FAS is produced in the brain , lungs and liver .

The synthesis process consists of seven individual reactions that are carried out six times in succession in the same order. Each of the individual reactions has its own catalytic center on the fatty acid synthase molecule. So it is a multifunctional enzyme . The exact position of these catalytic centers to one another is the subject of research. In plants and bacteria , individual enzymes take on the task of the FAS.

regulation

The FAS in many tumor - cell lines overexpressed, as in hepatitis B - and hepatitis C virus infection; FAS inhibition also leads to decreased HCV virus replication . It is assumed that the health-promoting effects of plant substances such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate ( green tea ) or farnesol and ingredients from olive oil are based on an inhibition of FAS. The fatty acid synthase is therefore an interesting target for the pharmaceutical industry .

Expression of the FAS is stimulated by SREBP-1c , which in turn is blocked in the event of a lack of oxygen - then energy is saved by shutting down the complex fatty acid synthesis. FAS located in the cell membrane is associated with caveolin-1 .

Catalyzed process

See article fatty acid synthesis .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ UniProt P49327
  2. ↑ A. Witkowski, VS Rangan et al. a .: Structural organization of the multifunctional animal fatty-acid synthase. In: European Journal of Biochemistry Volume 198, Number 3, June 1991, pp. 571-579. PMID 2050137 .
  3. ↑ De Vincentiis M, Di Cello P, Censi F, et al : Immunohistochemical expression of fatty acid synthase, Ki-67 and p53 in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx . In: Int. J. Biol. Markers . 23, No. 3, 2008, pp. 176-81. PMID 18949744 .
  4. ↑ Wang KF, Wu B: [Fatty acid synthase and prostate cancer] . In: Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue . 14, No. 8, August 2008, pp. 740-2. PMID 18817351 .
  5. ↑ Kim K, Kim KH, Kim HH, Cheong J: Hepatitis B virus X protein induces lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1 and fatty acid synthase through the activation of nuclear receptor LXRalpha . In: Biochem. J. . 416, No. 2, December 2008, pp. 219-30. doi : 10.1042 / BJ20081336 . PMID 18782084 .
  6. ↑ Yang W, Hood BL, Chadwick SL, et al : Fatty acid synthase is up-regulated during hepatitis C virus infection and regulates hepatitis C virus entry and production . In: Hepatology . 48, No. 5, November 2008, pp. 1396-403. doi : 10.1002 / hep.22508 . PMID 18830996 .
  7. ↑ Menendez JA, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, et al : Analyzing effects of extra-virgin olive oil polyphenols on breast cancer-associated fatty acid synthase protein expression using reverse-phase protein microarrays . In: Int. J. Mol. Med . 22, No. 4, October 2008, pp. 433-9. PMID 18813848 .
  8. ↑ Witkiewicz AK, Nguyen KH, Dasgupta A, et al : Co-expression of fatty acid synthase and caveolin-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: implications for tumor progression and clinical outcome . In: Cell Cycle . 7, No. 19, October 2008, pp. 3021-5. PMID 18802406 .
  9. ↑ Duncan RE, Archer MC: Farnesol decreases serum triglycerides in rats: identification of mechanisms including up-regulation of PPARalpha and down-regulation of fatty acid synthase in hepatocytes . In: Lipids . 43, No. 7, July 2008, pp. 619-27. doi : 10.1007 / s11745-008-3192-3 . PMID 18509688 .
  10. ↑ Choi SM, Cho HJ, Cho H, Kim KH, Kim JB, Park H: Stra13 / DEC1 and DEC2 inhibit sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c in a hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent mechanism . In: Nucleic Acids Res . 36, No. 20, November 2008, pp. 6372-85. doi : 10.1093 / nar / gkn620 . PMID 18838394 . PMC 2582599 (free full text).
  11. ↑ Di Vizio D, Adam RM, Kim J, et al : Caveolin-1 interacts with a lipid raft-associated population of fatty acid synthase . In: Cell Cycle . 7, No. 14, July 2008, pp. 2257-67. PMID 18635971 .

Web links

Wikibooks: Saturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis  - Learning and Teaching Materials