Fire-Schüppling
| Fire-Schüppling | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fire Schüppling ( Pholiota flammans ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pholiota flammans | ||||||||||||
| ( Batsch : Fr. ) P. Kumm. |
The fire-schüppling ( Pholiota flammans ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the Trümmling relatives . It is a wood dweller with noticeably colored fruit bodies .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is initially hemispherical in shape and closed, later arched flat and finally spread out and flattened. It reaches a diameter of 2–6 (–8) cm. The edge is rolled up for a long time and covered with velum fibers in young fruiting bodies. The hat is lemon yellow, later yolk yellow to orange yellow. The surface is dry. It is covered with protruding golden-yellow scales, which, however, can also lie close with age. The surface becomes a bit sticky in damp weather. The lamellas are attached to the stem until they run down for a short time. They are mixed in with shorter leaves and stand crowded. At first they are tinted yellow, with age they turn rusty brown due to the spores. The blade edges are smooth. The spore powder is rust-brown in color. The stem is cylindrical and strongly shaped. It has a sulfur yellow color. Below the ring it is densely covered with protruding dark yellow scales; above it it is smooth. The ring is scaly and sits quite high on the stem. This is between three and eight centimeters long and 4-10 mm wide. Its consistency is full at first, later hollow. The flesh is colored yellow. When cut, it slowly turns more or less reddish-brown. In old age it is yellowish-rust colored. The meat smells slightly spicy. The taste is bitter and astringent (astringent).
Microscopic features
The spores are elliptical in shape and measure 3–4.5 × 2–2.5 micrometers.
Species delimitation
The fire scabbard is characterized by its striking, bright colors and its scales, which are lighter in color than the hat. The Sparrige Schüppling ( Ph. Squarosa ) has rust-brown scales and usually grows on hardwood. The reddening schüppling ( Ph. Tuberculosa ) is similar . However, his hat is initially smooth and later shows pressed scales. The golden fur ( Ph. Aurivella ) and the brush shovel ( Ph. Jahnii ) , for example, also have bright colors . They also have reddish brown or darker colored scales and are mainly found on hardwood.
ecology
The fire schüppling is to be found especially in stands dominated by coniferous wood such as fir-beech and fir forests as well as in acidic spruce, fir and spruce forests. The fruiting bodies appear from summer to late autumn individually to gregarious on rotten stumps and branches lying on the ground, which are in the optimal phase of decomposition. Spruce wood is mostly used as the substrate, and occasionally pine and fir. In rare individual cases, hardwood such as red beech is also colonized.
distribution
The fire-schüppling is common in the Holarctic , where it can be found in North America, Europe and Asia ( Asia Minor , Siberia , Japan). In Europe, the area extends from Great Britain, the Benelux countries and France in the west to Estonia and Belarus in the east and from Fenno Scandinavia in the north to Spain, Italy and Romania in the south. The species is widespread in Germany, but is found scattered in the North German lowlands .
meaning
The fire-schüppling is not suitable as an edible mushroom , as it is inedible due to its bitter taste.
literature
- Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
