Flat bear flap
| Flat bear flap | ||||||||||||
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Left: Zeillers Flachbärlapp ( Diphasiastrum zeilleri ), right: Cypress-Flachbärlapp ( D. tristachyum ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Diphasiastrum | ||||||||||||
| Holub |
The flat bear moss ( Diphasiastrum , formerly Diphasium ) are a genus of bear moss plants , which are also often incorporated into the genus of the bear moss ( Lycopodium ).
description
Just like the bear moss, the bear moss show a differentiation of the shoot into a main axis that usually crawls above ground and more or less ascending, shorter, strongly branched side branches in many species. The branching of the shoots is like in the genus Lycopodium .
In contrast to the representatives of the genus Lycopodium , this group only has flaky leaves that are up to 2 mm long, which are in principle still arranged in a spiral around the stem, but usually form two or four ortho stitches , making the shoots square in cross section are flattened. Hence the name of the genus.
As with the Lycopodium species, the sporophylls are located in clearly separated spike or club-shaped, terminal sections. They are clearly different from the leaves , although not significantly smaller.
distribution
Most of the species come from the temperate and subarctic areas and often grow in open forests, especially coniferous forests, rocky slopes, or in heather .
Systematics and types (selection)
The genus is often incorporated into the genus Lycopodium as the Complanata section , but has also been outsourced several times. A final clarification of the question of whether it is one or more genera is still pending.
The representatives of this genus often form hybrids, so that many of the species are connected to one another through intermediate forms, and the question of species classification is also quite difficult. A new species was even described in Central Europe in 1996 ( Diphasiastrum oellgaardii ).
Overall, the genus consists of 15 to 20 species, of which the following occur in Central Europe :
- Alpine flat bear moss ( Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub = Lycopodium alpinum L. )
- Common flat bear moss ( Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub = Lycopodium complanatum L. )
- Issler's Flachbärlapp ( Diphasiastrum issleri (Rouy) Holub = Lycopodium issleri (Rouy) Domin )
- Oellgaard's Flachbärlapp ( Diphasiastrum oellgaardii Stoor, Boudrie, Jérôme, K.Horn & Bennert = Lycopodium oellgaardii (Stoor et al.) B.Bock )
- Cypress flat bear moss ( Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub = Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh )
- Zeillers Flachbärlapp ( Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub = Lycopodium zeilleri (Rouy) Greuter & Burdet )
Other types:
- Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dillenius ex A. Braun) Holub (= Lycopodium digitatum Dillenius ex A. Braun ), in eastern North America.
- Diphasiastrum madeirense (JH Wilce) Holub (= Lycopodium mmadeirense J.H.Wilce ), on Madeira and the Azores.
- Diphasiastrum multispicatum (JH Wilce) Holub (= Lycopodium multispicatum J.H.Wilce ), in Southeast Asia.
- Diphasiastrum sitchense (Ruprecht) Holub (= Lycopodium sitchense Ruprecht ), in boreal North America, Kamchatka and Japan.
- Diphasiastrum veitchii (Christ) Holub (= Lycopodium veitchii Christ ), in the mountains of South and Southeast Asia.
- Diphasiastrum yueshanense (CM Kuo) Holub (= Lycopodium yueshanense C. M. Kuo ), in Taiwan.
literature
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Urania plant kingdom . 1st edition. Volume 2, Moose, Farne, Nacktsamer, Urania, Leipzig 1992, ISBN 3-332-00495-6 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
- Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel: Diphasiastrum. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 , pp. 28–32 (English, online ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel: Diphasiastrum. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 , pp. 28–32 (English, online ).
- ↑ Maarten Christenhusz, Eckhard von Raab-Straube: Lycopodiophytina. Lycopodium. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2013.
- ↑ a b c Li-Bing Zhang, Kunio Iwatsuki: Lycopodium. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 2-3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2013, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7 , pp. 28–32 (English, online ).
