Flandreau Indian Reservation
Flandreau Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in the US state of South Dakota and home of the Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of Mdewakanton Sioux. The reserve comprises 2,500 acres (approximately 10.11 km²) of land along the Big Sioux River , Moody County , on the Coteau des Prairies plateau in southeast South Dakota. 726 members of the tribe live in the reserve. The reserve was established in 1934 by converting private parcels of the tribal members into reserve land. The Royal River Casino is located on the reserve area .
history
Originally the Mdewakanton Sioux came from Minnesota . In 1851 the Santee Sioux sold a large part of their tribal area (about 90,000 km², which they inhabited and hunted with other tribes) in what is now the state of Minnesota to the United States with the signing of the Treaty of Mendota for 1.41 million US dollars . In return, they received a reservation at Minnesota, the Lower Sioux Agency , a one-time payment of US $ 220,000 and the promise of annual payments and deliveries of goods. Of the $ 220,000 paid, however, the Indians received only a tenth that was paid out to the chiefs and goods worth $ 40,000. The rest went to white traders who had compelled the Indians to pay their debts with the money. The big profiteers were white traders like Henry Hastings Sibley . As a result, there were attempts to turn the Dakota into sedentary farmers. One of the pioneers was the influential chief Little Crow (Taoyateduta) , who was also one of the signatories of the Treaty of 1851. The reservation was further reduced in 1858 by treaties signed in Washington when Minnesota was admitted as a state to the United States attained. The areas north of the Minnesota River were lost. Now the Mdewakanton of Sioux were finally dependent on the United States government and white traders. The remaining land was not enough for their own supplies. The big profiteers were the traders who made up to 400% profit on goods and services. The tribal society also threatened to break up, as annual payments were not made to the tribe but to the individual households. This led to the chiefs losing power. In 1862, no payments were made from Washington. The residents of the reserve were starving because the harvest in 1861 was also poor. These circumstances eventually led to the Sioux uprising . The uprising was put down by the United States. The Santee Indians surrendered and released their prisoners. The captive members of the Santee, approximately 1,300 to 1,700 people, were taken to Niobrara Nebraska , Davenport Iowa, and Fort Thompson South Dakota. But not only the rebellious Santee, but also the Sioux of the Upper Sioux Agency who were not involved in the uprising were driven from Minnesota. In 1866, the Davenport and Fort Thompson groups united with their brothers in Niobrara, Nebraska. A third of the Santee converted to Christianity. In 1869, 25 families gave up their tribal membership, became U.S. citizens, and were given land on the Big Sioux River in South Dakota, now Flandreau, through the Homestead Program .
The Indian settlers built a church in 1873, which is still used by the presbyters today. 15 other families then joined the Santee in Flandreau. The Santee were recognized as an Indian tribe in Flandreau by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. In 1935 the present reserve was created with its government and administration. On June 11, 2015, the tribal government legalized the use, sale, and manufacture of marijuana on the reservation area, against opposition from the state of South Dakota. This made Flandreau Indian Reservation the first to allow the sale of marijuana on its territory. The tribe planned to run a resort where home grown hemp could be consumed. He promised income of $ 2 million a month. But the state of South Dakota claimed that the tribal government only had the right to legalize sales to their own tribesmen. The tribe then destroyed their first harvest to avoid a conflict with the state. The tribe are still trying to reach a settlement with the state to carry out their resort plans. According to federal regulations, Flandreau Indian Reservation is allowed - like every state - to enact its own laws. In the United States, some states are legal to own, grow, and sell marijuana.
government
The reservation has its own tribal government called the Tribal Council . The government consists of eight people, the president, the vice-president, the treasurer and the secretary. There are also four other people who are called 'trustees' in the constitution. The government positions are elected for four years. All tribal members over the age of 18 who have resided in Moody County for at least a year are eligible to vote.
Famous residents
- Charles Eastman (1858–1939), doctor and writer
See also
Web links
- Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe Official Homepage (Engl.)
- Royal River Casino (Engl.)
- BIA Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe (Engl.)
- St. Josefs Indianer Hilfswerk eV
Individual evidence
- ^ Contract text Article 4: In further and full consideration of said cession and relinquishment, the United States agree to pay to said Indians the sum of one million four hundred and ten thousand dollars, ($ 1,410,000,) at the several times, in the manner and for the purposes following ...
- ↑ To the chiefs of the said bands, to enable them to settle their affairs and comply with their present just engagements; and in consideration of their removing themselves to the country set apart for them as above, (which they agree to do within one year after the ratification of this treaty, without further cost or expense to the United States,) and in consideration of their subsisting themselves the first year after their removal, (which they agree to do without further cost or expense on the part of the United States,) the sum of two hundred and twenty thousand dollars ($ 220,000.)
- ↑ The balance of said sum of one million four hundred and ten thousand dollars, ($ 1,410,000,) to wit: one million, one hundred and sixty thousand dollars ($ 1,160,000) to remain in trust with the United States, and five per cent. interest thereon to be paid annually ...
- ↑ Treaty of Mendota ( Memento of the original dated May 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Contract text in English
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated May 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The Wahpekute agreed to pay traders $ 90,000. The Mdewakanton paid $ 70,000 and were given $ 20,000 which was shared between seven chiefs.
- ^ 1858 Land Cession Treaties with the Dakota
- ^ The Dakota Conflict Trials by Douglas O. Linder
- ↑ AN EXPERIMENT OF FAITH The Journey of the Mdewakanton Dakota Who Settled on the Dakota Who Settled on the Bend in the River ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribal Executive Committee Legalizes Marijuana ( Memento of the original from November 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ South Dakota tribe wants to build first US weed resort
- ↑ Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe Burns Crop, Suspends Marijuana Operation
- ^ State Marijuana Laws in 2016 Map
- ↑ 1997 Amended constitution and by-laws for the Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
