Fluffy Moor-Milchling
| Fluffy Moor-Milchling | ||||||||||||
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The Fluffy Moor Milchling ( Lactarius scoticus ) |
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| Lactarius scoticus | ||||||||||||
| Berk. Broome |
The downy bog milkling ( Lactarius scoticus syn .: Lactarius pubescens var. Scoticus ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a fairly small milkling that grows on moist and peaty soils near birch trees. The mushroom has a slender stem and a whitish to cream-colored, unzoned hat. The brim of the hat is fringed with short hair when young. The fruiting bodies of the inedible Milchling usually appear gregarious between July and October.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–7 (8) cm wide, at first arched and with a strongly rolled edge, then increasingly depressed with a spreading edge and sometimes even deepened in a funnel-shaped manner with age. The smooth surface is dry and matt, when pressed down in the middle it is woolly and velvety and outwardly increasingly velvety to hairy. The brim of the hat is fringed with 1–2 (3) mm long hairs, especially in young fruiting bodies. The hat is initially pale creamy white to almost white, then often pale reddish ocher to creamy or ocher yellow. The center is usually a bit darker ocher to yellowish-brown in color.
The rather crowded lamellae are attached to the stem or run down easily. They are narrow to medium-wide and sometimes forked near the stem. Young lamellae are creamy-white, older ones are orange-cream or pink-ocher. The spore powder is pale cream in color.
The cylindrical to slightly clubbed stem is 2–4 (7.5) cm long and 0.4–1.0 (1.5) cm wide. The smooth to very fine velvety surface is dry and initially pale cream in color, later darker and often spotted with ocher yellow. The inside of the stem is initially full and later often hollow.
The rather brittle and relatively soft meat is whitish to cream-colored or reddish ocher. It immediately tastes very hot and smells sour and fruity. The white, not very abundant milk dries up creamy-yellow. It also tastes very hot almost immediately.
Microscopic features
The broadly elliptical spores are on average 6.5–6.9 µm long and 4.9–5.0 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.2–1.5. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 µm high and consists of numerous, isolated warts and ribs, which are connected by thin lines, sometimes like a network. The hillock sometimes has a central, amyloid spot.
The cylindrical, club-like to bulbous, mostly 4-spore basidia are 30–45 µm long and 7–9 µm wide. Scattered to numerous pleuromacrocystids measuring 40–60 × 7–10 (11.5) µm occur on the lamellar surface. They are spindle-shaped to lanceolate and often have an attached, clearly drawn-out tip on top. The lamellar cutting edge is heterogeneous; in addition to the basidia, there are relatively few bent, spindle-shaped cheilomacrocystids . These measure 30–50 × 6–8.5 µm and taper to a small point at their upper end or are constricted like a string of pearls.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is an ixocutis composed of mostly parallel, densely interwoven, 2.5–8 µm wide hyphae . The mucous layer is 10-20 µm thick.
Species delimitation
The Fluffy Moor-Milchling is often difficult to distinguish from small specimens of the Fluffy Milchling ( L. pubescens ). The two species are also very similar microscopically.
The Moor-Milchling differs in its narrower, less hairy fruiting bodies, the stem of which is usually no more than 4–8 mm thick. The Fluffy Milchling has stronger and stockier fruit bodies and the brim of the hat is hairy longer, which makes it look more or less shaggy, while the brim of the Downy Moor-Milchling has less and shorter hair and thus looks fringed.
In addition, the Fluffy Moor-Milchling has significantly fewer lamellae, a slightly yellowish discoloration of milk and the stem has no pink, ring-like zone below the lamellae. The Moor-Milchling prefers very moist to wet locations in moors, while the Fluffy Milchling is hardly tied to certain locations or soils.
ecology
The Fluffy Moor-Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that is strictly bound to birch trees. As a rule, it is only found in bogs, where the fungus grows in damp and wet places, usually in the middle of peat moss cushions. The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious and often in large numbers between July and October.
distribution
As the Milchling is bound to boggy locations, it is rare or absent entirely in southern, western and central Europe. However, it is a fairly common fungus in northern European moors. In Central Europe it is only found a little more frequently in the Alpine region.
Since the Milchling is more or less tied to bogs, it is very rare in Germany and is only found a little more frequently in the bog areas of the southern Bavarian Alpine foothills. The Milchling can also be found in the raised bogs of Switzerland (Jura. Central Switzerland), where the species can be quite common.
Systematics
The Fluffy Milchling was described in 1879 by MJ Berkeley and CR Broome under the name Lactarius scoticus , which is still used today .
Nomenclatory synonyms are Lactifluus scoticus (Berk. & Broome) Kuntze (1891) and Lactarius pubescens var. Scoticus (Berk. & Broome) Krieglst. (1991).
Further taxonomic synonyms are: L. torminosus ssp. pubescens (Fr.) Konrad & Favre (1935), L. torminosus var. gracillimus J.E. Lange (1940), L. albocremeus Z.Schaefer (1958) and L. favrei H.Jahn (1982). Even with Lactarius pubescens within the meaning of Konrad & Maublanc , Blum , Bon , Marchand is the Downy Downy Milchling.
Like Kriegelsteiner, many mycologists consider the Milchling to be only a variety of the Fluffy Milchling, as the two types can hardly be distinguished even by experts. The Latin species attribute ( epithet ) scoticus means Scottish (Scotish).
Inquiry systematics
The Fluffy Moor-Milchling is placed by M. Basso and Heilmann-Clausen in the sub- section Piperites , which is within the section of the same name. M. Bon puts it in the Tricholomoidei section , which largely corresponds to the Piperites section . The representatives of the sub- section Piperites have hats with a fringed, shaggy or woolly brim and an always white, more or less unchanging milk. The Fluffy Moor-Milchling is very closely related to the Fluffy Milchling, and it is often difficult to separate the two species.
meaning
The hot-tasting Fluffy Moor-Milchling is not an edible mushroom.
literature
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
- Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 82 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 104.
- ↑ a b c d e Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 162-163 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius scoticus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016 ; Retrieved September 14, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 371.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 271-73 .
- ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius scoticus. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 4, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon (= Fungi Europaei . Band 7 ). 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 371, 385 (Italian).
- ↑ Karl Ernst Georges: Scoti . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 2540 ( zeno.org ).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 23-28 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius scoticus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius scoticus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007 ; accessed on June 20, 2011 (English, photos and brief description).