Fleischhaus (Heilbronn)
The Fleischhaus is a Mannerist building at Kramstrasse 1 in Heilbronn . The listed building was erected around 1600 and once served as a market hall for the Heilbronn butchers on the ground floor and as a courtroom and wedding hall on the upper floor. The building has been used as a museum since the 19th century. After the Natural History Museum moved out in 2009, the building was last used for a city history exhibition and has been in commercial use since the end of 2012.
history
The meat house was built on the site of a previous medieval building from 1598 to 1600 by Hans Stefan or Johannes (Hans) Schoch as an arcade in Mannerist style. While the ground floor continued to be used by the butchers as a market hall, meat bank and slaughterhouse, the first floor was used to host weddings and the local court. From 1655 on, weddings in Heilbronn were only allowed there for fire protection reasons. Until the municipal slaughterhouse was built in 1880, the building was used for meat handling. In 1838 the city of Heilbronn leased the “Schlachthaus-Beletage-Stock” to the company's founder, Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr , for a period of four years in order to set up a drying plant for chicory .
After the Heilbronner Historisches Verein was founded in 1876, the city gave it the premises on the first floor to set up a history museum, which opened on June 24, 1879. From 1885 to 1904, the municipal messenger's office was on the ground floor of the building, after which the entire building was used as a museum. Under Alfred Schliz , the museum's collection experienced a significant expansion and reorganization and the museum was reopened on May 3, 1905. In 1910 the Robert Mayer Room was opened on the upper floor with objects from the estate of the Heilbronn physicist Robert Mayer . Although the natural history exhibits moved to a new natural history museum in the Old Cemetery in 1916 and almost the entire coin collection of the museum was stolen in 1919, the collection continued to grow strongly even under Schliz's successor Moriz von Rauch . The sharp decline in visitor numbers from 1921 to 1931 is attributed to the total overcrowding of the building.
From 1933 to 1936, the Heilbronn museum system was reorganized, and the meat shop in particular was relieved. It was reopened in 1936 after a long period of closure and renovation. In future, stone monuments as well as exhibits on regional cultural history and folklore could be seen in the building. The Robert Mayer room was now on the ground floor, the upper floor was used for special exhibitions.
The building was badly damaged in the air raid on December 4, 1944 . Thanks to the initiative of the honorary museum director Hellmut Braun, a few exhibits had previously been relocated, but most of the collection remained in the house and was destroyed by the effects of the war. Essentially, only a few stone monuments in the house survived the bombing war and subsequent looting. In the post-war period, the stone monuments in the ruins were re-erected and partially protected with improvised emergency roofs.
In 1948 the city planning office considered giving the ruin to private investors for conversion as a commercial building. Through an intervention by the then chairman of the historical association, Georg Rümelin, these plans could be averted and the meat shop was rebuilt as a municipal building and for use for museum purposes. In 1949 there was already a reinforced concrete ceiling over the first floor, and in April 1950 the topping-out ceremony for the rebuilt roof structure was celebrated. The interior work dragged on for several years. The Kunstverein Heilbronn used partially undeveloped rooms for exhibitions.
In 1952 the Heilbronn City Archives moved into rooms on the upper floor, later also on the top floor. In the following year, a collection on Robert Mayer was opened again in a room on the upper floor, in 1954 the tourist office moved into rooms on the ground floor and in 1955 the opening of a prehistory and early history exhibition in the history museum took place on the ground floor. After the tourist office moved out in 1956, the historical museum was able to use the entire ground floor. When the city archives moved out in 1967, the entire building was once again used for museum purposes. After renovation and redesign, the Historical Museum in the Fleischhaus was reopened on March 22, 1967.
From 1990 onwards, the Heilbronn Municipal Museums and the departments for archeology, art and urban history moved into the neighboring Deutschhof , so that from 1991 only the department of geological and landscape history remained in the Fleischhaus, which finally moved to the Deutschhof in 2009.
Various future uses of the building were discussed at an event on March 2, 2010, moderated by SPD city councilor Gerd Kempf. The city of Heilbronn then looked for a tenant for the building for a long time and finally agreed to a catering company. Before the completion of the new Haus der Stadtgeschichte in the summer of 2012, an exhibition on the history of the city was last seen in the Fleischhaus. In late summer 2012 the building was converted for future commercial use. Plane wood from trees felled on Heilbronner Allee in the course of the expansion of the tram was used for the furnishings and interior fittings . Today there is a restaurant on the ground floor of the building, the upper floors were occupied by creative companies.
description
General
The building is a Mannerist arcade with a lot of Mannerist decoration on the capitals of the arcades. A Renaissance stair tower is located on the southwest corner. The Heilbronn city coat of arms can be seen on the east gable of the meat store.
coat of arms
The east side of the former meat and court house is adorned with a magnificently designed city coat of arms at the level of the first floor. Jewelry and symbols of authority merge here. The entire work of art represents a three-part Renaissance architecture frame resting on consoles decorated with lion heads and structured according to the reredos . On the ribbon between lion heads the artist represented himself with his stonemason's mark on a coat of arms. It is the builder of the whole building Hans Schoch or Hans Stefan H. S.
The predella of the coat of arms with the Historisches Museum plaque, which was added later, is adorned with two coats of arms on the left and right. The left represents a bearded tenants with Hape in his raised right hand, on a three-mountain standing. It is the coat of arms of Simon Weinmann the Elder , the 1757-1603 mayor and chairman was the imperial city court and 1,606 died. The right coat of arms belonged to Michael Walter, who was elected councilor in 1580 and died in 1603. It is very likely that the two men played a significant role in the construction of the meat and court house in 1598/1600.
Above the grooved upper cornice of the coat of arms, a male half-figure with an antique look looks down on the eagle and the beholder from an artfully curved ironwork. A putto with a clapper and cube, the emblem of the stone masons and their art , is enthroned on his head . The eagle is a common symbol of ownership and representation on public buildings.
High water marks
On the staircase tower of the building, high water marks indicate the historical high water levels of October 30, 1824 and May 28, 1817.
Bell jar
In 1627 Paulus Arnolt cast a 22 kg bell for the meat house , which was melted down during the First World War. The roof turret of the building now carries a small steel bell.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexander Knorr: Knorr Chronicle 1838 to 1959. Volume I - 1838 to 1938 . Deutsche Maizena Werke GmbH, Hamburg 1959, page 2.
- ↑ Kilian Krauth: Users wanted for orphaned meat store . In: Heilbronn voice . March 4, 2010 ( [1] [accessed March 4, 2010]).
- ↑ Heilbronner Voice from June 13, 2012 http://www.stimme.de/heilbronn/nachrichten/stadt/Heilbronner-Fleischhaus-wird-umgebaut;art1925,2481603
- ↑ http://www.stimme.de/heilbronn/nachrichten/stadt/sonstige-Das-Fleischhaus-ist-zurueck;art1925,2637834
- ^ Norbert Jung: Forgotten bell foundries , Heilbronn 2014, ISBN 978-3-934096-36-3 , pp. 60/61.
literature
- Museo 21/2004: 125 years of the museum in Heilbronn. Heilbronn 2004 (on the meat shop p. 10–31).
- Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Heilbronn district . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 111 .
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 30 ″ N , 9 ° 13 ′ 0 ″ E