Waiting away
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Inflorescences of the common chicory ( Cichorium intybus ) |
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The Chicory ( Cichorium ) and chicory called, are a genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The six to eight species are common in Eurasia and North Africa. In Central Europe only the common chicory is native. They and the endive are important crops . The common German name Wegwarte means "waymark", but it is not clear how this name came about.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The chicory species are rarely one to two-year-old or mostly perennial herbaceous plants that reach heights of 2 to usually 10 to 120 or more centimeters. They form tap roots . All parts of the plant carry milky sap .
The mostly sessile leaves are pinnately fissured or toothed, rarely with entire margins.
Generative characteristics
The cup-shaped inflorescences are numerous terminal or axillary. The cup shell is cylindrical, the bracts are in two rows. The outer ones are shorter than the inner ones. There are no chaff leaves on the bottom of the basket . The cups contain only ray florets , there can be 8 to 25 or more. The zygomorphic ray florets are sky blue to purple or rarely pink to white. The crown tongues end in five corolla lobes.
The achenes are ovate and angular. They don't have a clear papus , just one or two rows of inconspicuous scales.
The basic chromosome number is x = 9.
ingredients
Several species that are used as medicinal plants ( Cichorium intybus , Cichorium glandulosum ) contain sesquiterpene lactones , among which, in particular, lactucopicrin has an analgesic effect in the mouse model.
Most of all, cichorium is used as a healthier alternative to coffee. ( Coffee substitute is made from the roots).
Systematics and distribution
The genus Cichorium was established by Carl von Linné .
The genus Cichorium belongs to the subtribe Cichoriinae from the tribe Cichorieae (Syn. Lactuceae) in the subfamily Cichorioideae within the family Asteraceae .
The genus Cichorium is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa. In the New World, Africa and the Pacific, the common chicory in particular is a neophyte .
There are about six to eight species in the genus Cichorium :
- Cichorium bottae A.Deflers : The homeland is Yemen and the neighboring Saudi Arabia .
- Bald fruit chicory ( Cichorium calvum Asch. ): The home is Ethiopia ; it was introduced into Central Europe with seeds and feral.
- Endive ( Cichorium endivia L. ): Cultivated plant, native to the Mediterranean region , rarely overgrown in Central Europe.
- Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. & A.Huet : The home is Middle East .
- Common Wegwarte ( Cichorium intybus L. ): It is native to Central Europe, also cultivated. Delivers u. a. Chicory , radicchio , and chicory coffee .
- Cichorium pumilum Jacq. (Syn .: Cichorium endivia subsp. Pumilum (Jacq.) Cout. , Cichorium endivia subsp. Divaricatum (Schousb.) PDSell ): The home is the Mediterranean.
- Thorny chicory ( Cichorium spinosum L. ): The home is the eastern Mediterranean.
supporting documents
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language. 23rd edition. Berlin / New York 1967, pp. 878f.
- ↑ a b c d e f g John L. Strother: Cichorium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 221 (English, online ).
- Jump up ↑ Theodore A. Bischoff, Charles J. Kelley, Yvette Karchesy, Maria Laurantos, Phuc Nguyen-Dinh, Abdul Ghafoor Arefi: Antimalarial activity of Lactucin and Lactucopicrin: sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Cichorium intybus L. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . Volume 95, No. 2-3, 2004, pp. 455-457, doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2004.06.031 .
- ↑ Hankui Wu, Zhen Su, Yi Yang, Hang Ba, Haji Akber Aisa: Isolation of three sesquiterpene lactones from the roots of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. by high-speed counter-current chromatography. In: Journal of Chromatography A. Volume 1176, No. 1-2, 2007, pp. 217-222, doi : 10.1016 / j.chroma.2007.11.013 , PMID 18037424 .
- ↑ A. Wesołowska, A. Nikiforuk, K. Michalska, W. Kisiel, E. Chojnacka-Wójcik: Analgesic and sedative activities of lactucin and some lactucin-like guaianolides in mice. In Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 107, No. 2, 2006, pp. 254-258, doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2006.03.003 , PMID 16621374 .
- ↑ a b c d Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- ↑ Harsh Pal Bais, GA Ravishankar: Cichorium intybus L - cultivation, processing, utility, value addition and biotechnology, with an emphasis on current status and future prospects. In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture . Volume 81, No. 5, 2001, pp. 467-484, doi : 10.1002 / jsfa.817 .
- ↑ Annemieke Kiers: Endive, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic and phylogenetic study of Cichorium (Asteraceae). In: Gorteria, Supplement. Volume 5, 2000, 78 pp.
- ↑ Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Med Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 2: Dicotyledones (Compositae) . Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area (OPTIMA), Genève 2008, ISBN 978-2-8279-0011-4 .
- ^ Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore) : In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Cichorium. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
