Flemhuder See

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Flemhuder See
Flemhuder See 4.JPG
Old Duckdalben in Flemhuder See, view towards the Kiel Canal
Geographical location on the Kiel Canal (km 85.32)
west of Landwehr
northwest of Flemhude
in the municipality of Quarnbek
in the Achterwehr district
in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde
in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)
Tributaries (until 1913 :) Eider vom Westensee
Drain (until 1784 :) Eider to Rendsburg
(1784–1895 :) Eiderkanal
(since 1895 :) Nord-Ostsee-Kanal
Location close to the shore Flemhude, Achterwehr, Klein Nordsee, Groß Nordsee, Strohbrück, Holm, Quarnbek
Data
Coordinates 54 ° 20 '5 "  N , 9 ° 57' 45"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 20 '5 "  N , 9 ° 57' 45"  E
Flemhuder See (Schleswig-Holstein)
Flemhuder See
Altitude above sea level f1(until 1895 :) 6.5 m
(since 1895 :) −0.2 m
surface (until 1895 :) 234 ha
(since 1895 :) 90 hadep1
length 1.52 kmdep1
width 200 mdep1
Maximum depth 6 m
Middle deep 3 m

particularities

since 1895 by dredging to 70 meters wide with the Kiel Canal connected

Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE AREA Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE LAKE WIDTH Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE MAX DEPTH Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE MED DEPTH

The Flemhuder See ( FhS ) is today an approx. 90  hectare body of water on the Kiel Canal in the municipality of Quarnbek in the Achterwehr office in the Rendsburg-Eckernförde district in Schleswig-Holstein . It belongs to the federal waterway North-Baltic Sea Canal. The shipping route regulations apply on it . The Kiel-Holtenau Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible .

history

Map of the Flemhuder See. This originally comprised the entire hatched area, today only parts of the innermost hatched areas

The Flemhuder See was originally, like the Westensee, a lake of the Eider and was called the North Sea . According to the lake name, there was also a place North Sea and a good North Sea, which is mentioned in the Kiel city book as early as 1300. In 1509 the estate was divided into the Klein-Nordsee and Groß-Nordsee goods. The Flemhuder See remained in the area of ​​the possessions of the Quarnbek and Groß-Nordsee estates.

On the Holstein Geest , the Eider and the lake were about seven meters above sea level . With the construction of the Eider Canal (1777 to 1784) it was necessary to create a water reservoir at the height of the apex to feed the canal. For this purpose, the Flemhuder See, fed by the Obereider , was dredged, diked and a weir was added to the canal . The Flemhuder See was roughly in the middle of the apex, i.e. between the Rathmannsdorfer lock and the lock in Klein Königsförde , and extended south of the Eider Canal in a north-south direction about three kilometers over a total area of ​​about 230 hectares.

When the Eider Canal was expanded into the Kiel Canal (1887 to 1895), the canal level was lowered to roughly sea level. This meant that there was no longer any need for a reservoir for keeping the crown of the head. The Flemhuder See lost the purpose it was intended for a hundred years earlier. The lake was connected to the new canal and also lowered to sea level. As before, the Eider flowed over a weir into the sunken Flemhuder See.

Ring Canal / Achterwehrer Shipping Canal

With the lowering of the lake level, however, it was feared that the groundwater level would drop. In order to ensure the necessary irrigation of the surrounding area, a ring canal was planned around the lake area, in which the original water level of 6.5 m above sea level was to be maintained. The ring canal could only be built on the south and east side due to the adverse subsoil conditions.

However, in order to ensure a navigable connection between the Achterwehr and Flemhude and the Kiel Canal, the eastern part of the ring canal was expanded into the Achterwehrer Schifffahrtskanal in 1913 , into which the Obereider flows, so that the weir at Lake Flemhude could be removed.

Rinsing area

With the excavation from the sunken lake and later from the Achterwehr shipping canal, the south-western part of the lake was filled in. This area is still used for dredging in the Kiel Canal as washing field . The remaining part of the Flemhuder See covers around 90 hectares.

Military use

About half of the Flemhuder See was a restricted military area on its west side. In the military budget of 1937 funds were approved for the construction of the Flemhude oil plant . The Groß-Nordsee tank farm was built at Flemhuder See . As early as 1939, underground tank farms with a capacity of 70,000 m³ were completed. From 1940 to 1945 a siding operated by the Kriegsmarinewerft Kiel led from the former Brandsbek station to the tank farm (today Felde station on the Kiel – Rendsburg railway line ). During the occupation by the Allies in 1945, in addition to oil, large quantities of the very poisonous mercury and equipment for submarines were found. For security reasons, the former restricted area is now fenced.

water sports

The Flemhuder See is for the most part closed to water sports, only a part is used as recreational water. In the northern part, in addition to the existing anchor roadstead, there are ten dolphin berths for pleasure craft in the western area.

Landscape protection area

The headland Flemhuder lake / annular channel is a conservation area of 34.7 ha.

Others

The Zuiderzeekrab was first sighted in Germany in 1936, including in Lake Flemhuder.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. a b Lengths (in km) of the main shipping lanes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  2. Directory E, serial no. 38 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  3. a b Martin Lorenz: Chronicle of the noble estate Klein-Nordsee, In: " Die Heimat " 69th year, pp. 165–168 and p. 364, 365.
  4. a b Expert opinion of the Federal Institute for Hydrology ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bafg.de
  5. Hinrich Dürkop: The former marine oil plants at Schafstedt 1939-1945 , published in "Dithmarschen", magazine for state care, issue 2/1993 p. 40, Publishing House Boyens and Co. Stadt Heide
  6. ^ A b Sources and research on the history of Schleswig-Holstein , Volume 109-110, From Society for Schleswig-Holstein History, pages 26-28
  7. Flemhuder See, commissioning of sport boat berths. (No longer available online.) In: Announcement for Seafarers 5/17. WSA Kiel-Holtenau, June 13, 2017, formerly in the original ; accessed on June 15, 2017 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.elwis.de  
  8. ^ State government of Schleswig-Holstein: PDF (83 kb): List of existing landscape protection areas. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 17, 2014 ; Retrieved May 20, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schleswig-holstein.de

literature

  • Henning Oldekop, Topography of the Duchy of Holstein , Vol. 1, Kiel 1908
  • M. Eckoldt (Ed.), Rivers and Canals, The History of German Waterways, DSV-Verlag 1998
  • Rainer Lagoni: Kiel Canal 1895–1995: Festschrift. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1995, ISBN 3-529-05319-8

Web links

Commons : Flemhuder See  - Collection of images, videos and audio files