Flooding arrowhead

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Flooding arrowhead
Flooding arrowhead (Sagittaria subulata)

Flooding arrowhead ( Sagittaria subulata )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Frog-spoon family (Alismataceae)
Genre : Arrowhead ( Sagittaria )
Type : Flooding arrowhead
Scientific name
Sagittaria subulata
( L. ) Buchenau

The flood end arrowhead ( Sagittaria subulata ), also Schmalblättriges arrowhead or Small arrowhead called, is a plant from the arrowhead ( Sagittaria ) within the family of alismataceae (Alismataceae). This grass-like swamp plant lives mainly submerged, i.e. below the surface of the water.

description

illustration

Appearance and leaf

The flood arrow herb grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . With numerous runners , this plant species can very soon form a dense stand.

The leaves are arranged in a rosette and are up to 30 to 40 centimeters long and 4 to 7 centimeters wide, linear or ribbon-shaped and light green. Occasionally floating leaves are also formed. In the case of leaves above the water surface, the simple leaf blades are usually egg-shaped with a length of 2 to 6 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 2.5 centimeters.

Generative characteristics

The flood arrow herb is single sexed ( monoecious ). The inflorescences are up to 1 meter long, they consist of one to ten whorls of male and female flowers. Flowers only form above the water surface. The unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. Female flowers consist of three spread green sepals and three white petals and carpels . Male flowers have between seven and fifteen stamens .

The 1.5 to 2 millimeters long, obovate nuts have an awl-shaped beak, as is typical of the frog-spoon family.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

The distribution area of the arrowhead are the southeastern states of the USA and in South America the area from Colombia to northwestern Venezuela. This species forms extensive populations in rivers. It is able to survive in both fresh and brackish water .

Use in the aquarium hobby

Both the Sagittaria subulata species and the cultivated form Sagittaria subulata var. Pusilla are among the plants that are often offered in specialist shops for planting aquariums . These plants are mostly used in the foreground of aquariums, since the cultivated form, which is sometimes falsely offered in the trade as Sagittaria pusilla , remains very small. Under ideal conditions, this cultivated form multiplies very quickly and forms a dense, approximately 5 centimeter high lawn in the aquarium . The nominate form Sagittaria subulata var. Subulata, on the other hand, can reach a leaf length of up to 60 centimeters if it does not have enough space to spread, and is then more suitable for the middle and rear pelvic zones.

The ideal care conditions for the species and cultivated form is not too soft water. The carbonate hardness should be between four and eight. The total hardness should be 10 to 15. The optimal temperature is between 18 and 28 degrees Celsius. The plants only need a small amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the water . Two milligrams per liter are enough for the plants to thrive. Aquarists are therefore not necessarily dependent on fertilization with this plant. Regular partial water changes ensure the necessary amount of carbon dioxide.

Taxonomy and systematics

The first publication was in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Alisma subulatum by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, page 343. The new combination to Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau was published in 1871 by Franz Georg Philipp Buchenau in treatises by the Natural Science Association in Bremen , 2, page 490. Other synonyms for Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau are: Sagittaria filiformis J.G.Sm. , Sagittaria lorata (Chapm.) Small , Sagittaria natans Michx. , Sagittaria natans var. Lorata Chapm. , Sagittaria natans var. Pusilla (Nutt.) Chapm. , Sagittaria pusilla Nutt. , Sagittaria subulata subsp. lorata (Chapm.) RTClausen , Sagittaria subulata var. lorata (Chapm.) Fernald , Sagittaria subulata var. natans J.G.Sm. , Sagittaria subulata var. Pusilla (Nutt.) Buchenau , Sagittaria subulata var. Typica Fernald nom. inval.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Depending on the author, there are the following varieties of the species Sagittaria subulata :

  • Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau var. Subulata
  • Sagittaria subulata var. Pusilla (Nutt.) Buchenau (Syn .: Sagittaria pusilla Nutt. , Sagittaria natans var. Pusilla (Nutt.) Chapm. )

No longer to be asked about this type:

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sagittaria subulata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Sagittaria - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on June 19, 2018.
  3. ↑ Sagittaria subulata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 20, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Flooding arrowhead ( Sagittaria subulata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files