Arrowhead

Arrowhead
	Common arrowhead ( Sagittaria sagittifolia )
Systematics
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family :	Frog-spoon family (Alismataceae)
Genre :	Arrowhead
Scientific name
	Sagittaria
	L.

The genus arrow herb ( Sagittaria ) belongs to the family of the frog-spoon plants (Alismataceae). The 40 or so species come from temperate to tropical areas. Many of the Sagittaria species from tropical regions, such as the flood arrow herb , are used for planting aquariums ( aquaristics ). The common arrow herb native to Central Europe is mainly used in the bank planting of garden ponds .

Description and ecology

Illustration of Sagittaria longiloba in Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States , 1972

Air leaves of broadleaf weed arrow ( Sagittaria latifolia )

Flower in detail of the common arrowhead ( Sagittaria sagittifolia )

Montevideo arrowhead ( Sagittaria montevidensis ), habitus

Sagittaria trifolia in Japan

Arrow herb species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . These marsh and aquatic plants can live completely or partially submerged. Some species form tuberous rhizomes . The air leaves that rise above the water surface are usually 25 to 30 centimeters long and linear to oval. In some species, such as the common arrowhead , they are also shaped like arrowheads, hence the name of the genus. The water leaves of most species, however, are ribbon-shaped. They form foothills and can form real underwater pastures.

In most species, the flowers sit on branched inflorescences above the leaves. The flowers are threefold. The bracts are predominantly white, with a red-violet point in the middle.

The coat of arms of the municipality of Odisheim shows three arrowhead leaves.

Systematics

There are about 40 species in the genus arrowhead ( Sagittaria ):

Sagittaria aginashii Makino : It occurs in Russia's Far East , Korea and Japan .
Sagittaria ambigua J.G.Sm. : It occurs in the USA from Indiana to Oklahoma .
Sagittaria australis (JGSm.) Small : It is common in the eastern United States.
Sagittaria brevirostra Mack. & Bush : It is widespread from Saskatchewan to the central and eastern United States.
Sagittaria chapmanii (JGSm.) C. Mohr : It is distributed from Texas to the southeastern USA.
Sagittaria cristata Engelm. :: It is common in Ontario and the USA.
Sagittaria cuneata E. Sheld. : It iswidespreadin Alaska , Canada and the United States.
Sagittaria demersa J.G.Sm. : It occurs only in northeast Mexico and New Mexico .
Engelmann's arrow herb ( Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G.Sm. ): It is widespread in southeastern Canada and the USA.
Sagittaria fasciculata E.O.Beal : It occurs only in North Carolina and South Carolina .
Sagittaria filiformis J.G.Sm. : It is common in the eastern United States.
Herbaceous arrowhead ( Sagittaria graminea Michx. ): It spreads from eastern Canada to the USA and occurs in Cuba .
Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth : It thrives in two subspecies in the tropics and subtropics .
Sagittaria intermedia Micheli : It occurs on the Caribbean islands , in southeastern Mexico and in northern Colombia .
Sagittaria isoetiformis J.G.Sm. : It occurs in the southeastern USA and in western Cuba .
Sagittaria kurziana Glück : It occurs only in northwest Florida .
Lanceolated arrowhead ( Sagittaria lancifolia L. ): It is widespread in the Neotropics with the northernmost occurrence in the southeastern USA.
Broad-leaved arrowhead ( Sagittaria latifolia Willd. ): It is distributed from southern Canada via the USA (California) to Ecuador and is found in Cuba. In Europe the plant is a neophyte.
Sagittaria lichuanensis J.K.Chen, XZSun & HQWang : It is distributed at altitudes of around 1700 meters in the southern Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guizhou , Hubei (Lichuan), Jiangsu , Jiangxi and Zhejiang .
Sagittaria longiloba Engelm. ex JGSm. : It iswidespreadfrom the USA via Mexico to Nicaragua and Venezuela .
Sagittaria macrocarpa J.G.Sm. : It occurs only in North Carolina and South Carolina .
Sagittaria macrophylla Zucc. : It occurs in western and central Mexico.
Montevideo arrowhead or Argentine arrowhead ( Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl. ): It is widespread in three subspecies in the New World .
Sagittaria natans Pall. : It iswidespreadfrom Northern Europe to Japan and Korea .
Sagittaria papillosa Buchenau : It is common in the USA from Louisiana to Texas.
Sagittaria planitiana G.Agostini : It is distributed from Venezuela to Brazil .
Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) JGSm. : The broad-leaved arrowhead iswidespreadfrom the USA to Central America .
Sagittaria potamogetifolia Merr. : It iswidely usedin Anhui , Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi , Hainan , Hubei, Hunan , Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang provinces in China.
Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. (Syn .: Sagittaria altigena Hand.-Mazz. ): It iswidespreadfrom Bhutan to East Asia.
Sagittaria rhombifolia Cham. : It iswidespreadfrom Costa Rica to northern Argentina .
Sagittaria rigida Pursh : It is distributed from southern Canada and the USA.
Common arrowhead ( Sagittaria sagittifolia L. ): It is distributed from Europe to the Caucasus and Siberia.
Sagittaria sanfordii Greene : It occurs only in California .
Sagittaria secundifolia Kral : It is only found in Alabama .
Sagittaria sprucei Micheli : It occurs from Colombia and Venezuela to Peru.
Flooding arrowhead or small arrowhead ( Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau ): It occurs in the eastern United States and from Colombia to Venezuela.
Sagittaria tengtsungensis H.Li : It is common in Bhutan , Nepal , Tibet and Yunnan .
Tender arrowhead ( Sagittaria teres S.Watson ): It is common in the northeastern United States.
Sagittaria trifolia L .: It iswidespreadwith several subspecies from the European part of Russia to Japan and Malesia .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Sagittaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 21, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Wang Qingfeng, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Alismataceae. : Sagittaria , p. 84 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3

literature

Bernd Greger: Plants in the freshwater aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim 1998, ISBN 3-928819-16-X
Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2nd edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , pp. 410-413.

Web links

Commons : Arrow herb ( Sagittaria ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Sagittaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 21, 2014.

[Zander-2] Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

[FoC-3] Wang Qingfeng, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Alismataceae. : Sagittaria , p. 84 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3