Foelke Kampana

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Foelke Kampana monument in Dornum

Foelke Kampana or Folkeldis Kampana (* around 1355 in Hinte ; † between August 16, 1417 and August 4, 1419 ), known as Quade Foelke , was the wife of the East Frisian chief Ocko I. tom Brok . Because of its alleged cruelty, it is still legendary in East Frisia today .

Life

In 1377 Foelke married Kampana Ocko I. tom Brok , chief of Brokmer and Auricherland in East Frisia . From this marriage:

Ocka was strangled and slain by Lütet and his father, Hero Attena von Dornum, in 1397 for alleged adultery. This may well have been legitimate, for in adultery of women the medieval punishment was stoning; a "humane" manner of death was the garrote , the Würgepfahl.

In addition, Ocko I. tom Brok had the illegitimate son Widzeld († 1399 - other spelling: Widzelt). Since the father exercised all rights over the children in the Holy Roman Empire , while the mother had no rights over the children, the son Widzelt was brought up at his own court (Olde Borg - today Oldeborg in the southern Brookmerland).

Ocko's younger brother Ihmel died on June 24, 1372 when he fell from his horse. Ocko I. took over the chief rule after the death of his father († 1376 on Olde Borg ) Keno Hilmerisna tom Brook, but could not return from Italy at first because he was contractually bound as a condottiere.

Quade Foelke

Quade Foelke (quad = Frisian / Low German for "evil") got its name in 1397 from what is probably the most famous - and also literarily processed - family drama in East Frisian history: the son of the builder of the Norderburg Lütet killed his wife - allegedly on the advice of his mother-in-law Ocka for alleged infidelity and insubordination. Thereupon the mother-in-law Foelke Kampana, wife of the chief Ocko I. tom Brok, showed her strong side and took over the castle without further ado. Both Lütet and his father were beheaded on the orders of their mother-in-law.

The legend misses the truth and defames Foelke as a malicious person. Doing this was in keeping with the zeitgeist, in which women were often victims of defamation. Foelke officially had nothing to do with the execution, although she may have had influence. Namely, there would also have been the possibility of pardon and exile. Keno II had sentenced Lütet and Hero von Dornum to death. Ocka's brother, Keno II, took the Norderburg, which belonged to Hero Attena, in 1410 and had Lütet and Hero Attena beheaded in the courtyard because they had illegally taken in pirates.

In addition, Foelke is accused of starving her two nephews to death in the dungeon. This also does not apply: Under the year 1370 it follows that Folkmar Allena took up the sword to enforce Adda's inheritance claims. Ocko won and is said to have captured Ayelt, Folkmar's son (Folkmar's sons were called Haro and Ihmel) and Haro Ayelts (son of Ocko's sister Elbrig von Groß-Valdern and Haro Ayelts von Groß-Faldern), which Foelke is said to have starved to death in prison . This cannot be proven because Haro Ayelts von Faldern (Elbrig's husband) signed the peace treaty with Folkmar in 1379. Both Ayelte are mentioned in later annals. In 1370 Foelke was not yet married to Ocko.

peace contract

The certificate has the following content:

"Folckmarus Allena, chief of Oisterhuisen, and Habbo and ENNO, vice deans in Hinte, certify the agreement of a marriage between Ayelt Allena (executed in 1409 by Keno II) zu Oisterhusen and Ocka, daughter of Haro Ayelts u. Elbrig tom Brook, chief of Grote Valderen, which settles the feud between Haro Ayelts and Folkmar Allena. Seal announcement of the exhibitors; ENNO also uses the Habbo's seal. Date in Oisterhuisen anno Domini dusent rotundert negen and soventich den derden dach na S.Andreas apostoli dach (December 2nd - Friday 1379) * "

- East Frisian document book I. No. 137

Foelke, who once again leads the guardianship of her grandson Ocko after the death of her son, takes a back seat in the tradition of the respective guardianship for her son Keno and her grandson Ocko II. Fama has given her features that make her look like a cruel woman. But in reports, the truth of which is not doubtful, one can only prove properties of it that belong to the time. She has given churches and monasteries plenty of thought and also undertaken pilgrimages, such as B. to Lutter (Königslutter or Lutter am Barenberg). Outwardly, Widzelt was his brother's representative, and later with her grandson this was often Focko Ukena.

Foelke appears again as a devious person when Widzelt perishes in the burning church in Detern. It is said that she had her stepson murdered to bring her son Keno to power because Widzelt was unwilling to resign. This is rather unlikely, as Widzelt's policy was based on the efforts of other chiefs. He appears z. B. often in close alliance with Folkmar Allena . Furthermore, his actions do not indicate usurpatory thoughts. But it seems to be true that Widzelt perished as a result of a plot. But there were other rulers who were interested in knowing that an adolescent was in power in Brokmerland, e. B. the Hanseatic League came to an extraordinarily good pass, as confirmed by their further approach.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Köbler, Gerhard: Old Frisian Dictionary, (4th edition) 2014 ; Köbler, Gerhard: Middle Low German Dictionary, (3rd edition) 2014 ; Entry "quaad" in the East Frisian online dictionary of the East Frisian landscape , 2014
personal data
SURNAME Kampana, Foelke
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Quade Foelke
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Regent of the Brokmer and Auricherlands in East Frisia
DATE OF BIRTH around 1355
PLACE OF BIRTH Back
DATE OF DEATH around 1417
Place of death Aurich