Foulques de Villaret
Foulques de Villaret (also Fulko von Villaret, Folquetus Villaretus, Fulco de Villareto ) († September 1, 1327 ) was a nobleman from Provence and from 1305 to 1319 the 25th Grand Master of the Order of St. John .
In 1305 he replaced his brother Guillaume de Villaret as Grand Master, who had tried in vain to take Rhodes .
Foulques conquered Rhodes in 1309 and established the order there for over 200 years.
In Cyprus , as a subject of the king there , the order had no freedom of action. In 1306 the opportunity arose to found a new order seat. Foulques de Villaret entered into negotiations with the Genoese pirate Vignolo de 'Vignoli , who owned fiefs on the Greek archipelago of Dodecanese . It was agreed that after the conquest of Rhodes, de 'Vignoli would keep a third of the island for themselves, while the Order would take possession of the rest of the island, as well as the island of Leros and a third of the island of Kos . In the summer of 1306, Foulques de Villaret landed on Rhodes and captured two strategically important fortresses on the island: Feraklos and Filerimos . He also sought support from Philip the Fair of France, the King of England, Edward II , the Pope, Clement V , Charles II of Naples and the Genoese . The island was finally conquered in 1309 with the capture of the city of Rhodes . Except for three ( Karpathos and Kassos owned by the Venetian Cornaro family; Astypalea , ruled by the Quirinis of the Duchy of Naxos ), the other islands of the Dodecanese were also gradually conquered.
Adapting to the local Greek population was difficult.
Foulques de Villaret's vices and his despotism so angry the members of the order against him that the knights rebelled. They appointed Maurice de Pagnac as the new grandmaster. Foulques de Villaret escaped capture by taking refuge in the fortress of Lindos . The intervention of the Pope put an end to the disputes. Both grand masters were removed from office and in 1319 Helion de Villeneuve was given leadership.
From January 1325 to April 1326, Foulques de Villaret was briefly the Grand Prior of the Grand Priory of Rome of the Order.
literature
- Pierre d'Avity / Johann Ludwig Gottfried : Archontologiae Cosmicae. Jennisius, Frankfurt am Main 1628, Book III, p. 36 f. (here online) .
- Ernle Bradford : The shield and the sword. The knights of St. John . Penguin, London 2002, ISBN 0-14-139110-3 , ( Classic military history ), (first edition: Hodder & Stoughton, London 1972, ISBN 0-340-15934-0 ; also German, most recently: Kreuz und Schwert. Der Johanniter -Malteser-Ritterorden . Licensed edition of the 2nd edition. Unabridged edition. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main, 1995, ISBN 3-548-34429-1 , ( Ullstein 34429)).
- Elias Kollias: The Knights of Rhodes. The palace and the city. The medieval city of Rhodes, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 . Ektodike Athenon S. A., Athens 1991, ISBN 960-213-255-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of the grand priorities of Rome ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Foulques de Villaret at cilialacorte.com
- Fulques de Villaret at smom-za.org
- The 79 grandmasters ( memento of December 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) at orderofmalta.org
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Guillaume de Villaret |
Grand Master of the Order of St. John 1305–1319 |
Helion de Villeneuve |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Foulques de Villaret |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Fulk of Villaret |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Grand Master of the Order of St. John |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 13th Century |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 1, 1327 |