Spring witch hazel
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![Illustration [1]](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Hamamelis_vernalis_140-8573.jpg)
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| Hamamelis vernalis | ||||||||||||
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The spring witch hazel ( Hamamelis vernalis ) is a type of plant with 7 to 13 centimeters long leaf blades and fragrant flowers from the witch hazel family . It is found on the Ozark Plateau in the United States.
description
The spring witch hazel grows as a runners-forming, 2 to 4 meter high shrub with a widely spreading root system. The leaves often stay on the bush all winter. The petiole is usually 7 to 15, rarely up to 18 millimeters long. The leaf blade is usually ovate, 7 to 13 inches long and 6.7 to 13 inches wide. It has a narrowing to somewhat wedge-shaped, rarely rounded and slightly oblique base. The end is pointed to rounded. The leaf margin is dentate in the middle. The upper side of the leaf is dark green, the underside is green, often glaucous and often hairy tomentose. Usually five pairs of nerves are formed. The leaves turn orange in autumn.
The strongly fragrant flowers appear on leafless branches in winter from December to March. The inside of the calyx is often deep purple, the petals are reddish, deep red, orange or sometimes yellow and 7 to 10 millimeters long. Often flowers of different colors grow on one shrub. The staminodes are not or only slightly enlarged. As fruits 10 to 15 millimeters long are cap fruits formed. The seeds are 7 to 9 millimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and ecology
The spring witch hazel forms shrubbery on gravel banks and rocky stream banks, and rarely grows on wooded slopes. You can find them at heights of 100 to 400 meters on the Ozark Plateau in the American states of Arkansas , Missouri and Oklahoma . There it often grows together with the more widespread Virginian witch hazel ( Hamamelis virginiana ). The distribution area is assigned to the hardiness zone 6a with mean annual minimum temperatures between −23.3 ° and −20.6 ° Celsius (−10 to -5 ° Fahrenheit ).
Systematics
The spring witch hazel ( Hamamelis vernalis ) is a species from the genus witch hazel ( Hamamelis ) in the family of the witch hazel family (Hamamelidaceae) and was first scientifically described by Charles Sprague Sargent in Trees & Shrubs in 1911 . It differs from the similar Virginian witch hazel ( Hamamelis virginiana ), which grows in the same area, in its pleasantly fragrant flowers and flower color.
use
Despite its fragrant and beautifully colored flowers, the spring witch hazel is rarely used as an ornamental shrub .
swell
literature
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , pp. 364-365 (English).
- Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use . 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 324 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Volume 140, 1914.
- ↑ a b c d e Frederick G. Meyer: Hamamelis vernalis in Flora of North America , Volume 3, pp. 364-365.
- ↑ a b Roloff, Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze , p. 324.
- ^ Hamamelis vernalis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Hamamelis vernalis. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved July 11, 2014 .
- ^ Charles Sprague Sargent: Trees and shrubs. Illustrations of new or little known ligneous plants, prepared chiefly from material at the Arnold Arboreum of Harvard University. Volume 2, Delivery 3, Houghton, Mifflin, Boston 1911, pp. 137-138, panel CVVI ( digitized ).
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