Frances Hardcastle

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Frances Hardcastle (born August 13, 1866 in Writtle , Essex ; died December 26, 1941 in Cambridge ) was a British mathematician and suffragette.

Life

Hardcastle was the oldest of eight children of the brewery director and barrister at the Inner Temple Henry Hardcastle and his wife Maria Sophia, a daughter of the astronomer John Herschel . The astronomer Joseph Alfred Hardcastle was her brother.

After she was first taught at home, Hardcastle attended Girton College in Cambridge from 1888 , where she took the Tripos program in mathematics. She then moved to the United States , where she received fellowships at the University of Chicago and then at Bryn Mawr College . On the latter, she worked in the working group of Charlotte Angas Scott , who had also completed her training at Girton College. In Bryn Mawr, Hardcastle chaired the Graduate Club and was delegated from her college to meetings with other universities. During her entire mathematical career, Hardcastle worked in the field of algebraic geometry on the theory of what were then called point groups , which are now known as divisors .

In 1895 Hardcastle returned to Girton College in Cambridge. After translating a work by Felix Klein ( On Riemann 's Theory of Algebraic Functions and Their Integrals ) into English in the United States , she has now published several of her own mathematical articles. In 1905 she received a Master of Arts from Trinity College Dublin .

From 1907 Hardcastle was involved in the British suffragette movement . First she was Honorary Secretary at the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies for a year with Frances Sterling before she moved to Newcastle in 1908 , where she took on duties in the North-Eastern Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies . She distanced herself from the militant methods of the women's rights movement, such as those promoted by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst .

In 1915 she officially supported the goals of the Women's Peace Congress in The Hague .

After she retired, Hardcastle lived in Stocksfield , Northumberland . She died while visiting Cambridge, where she was buried in the churchyard of Girton College.

Fonts

Scientific Article

  • A Theorem concerning the Special Systems of Point ‐ Groups on a Particular Type of Base ‐ Curve. In: Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 1 (1), 1897, pp. 132-140.
  • Some observations on the modern theory of point groups. In: Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 4 (8), 1898, pp. 390-402.

As a translator

  • Felix Klein, Frances Hardcastle: On Riemann's theory of algebraic functions and their integrals. Macmillan and Bowes, 1893.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g A. EL Davis: Hardcastle, Frances (1866–1941) , entry in ODNB , accessed on February 21, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c d Mary RS Creese : Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press, 2000, ISBN 0-585-27684-6 , p. 197. (online)
  3. ↑ Patricia C. Kenschaft : Change is Possible: Stories of Women and Minorities in Mathematics. American Mathematical Soc., 2005, ISBN 0-8218-3748-6 , p. 47. (online)
  4. ↑ Janet Horowitz Murray, Myra Stark: The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions: 1909-1910. Routledge, 2017, ISBN 978-1-315-39492-3 . (on-line)
  5. ^ Sybil Oldfield : This Working-Day World: Women's Lives And Culture (s) In Britain, 1914-1945. CRC Press, 2003, ISBN 0-203-45137-6 , p. 92 (online)
personal data
SURNAME Hardcastle, Frances
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British mathematician and suffragette
DATE OF BIRTH August 13, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Writtle , UK
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1941
Place of death Cambridge , UK