Franz Christoph von Scheyb

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Franz Christoph von Scheyb with the Tabula Peutingeriana

Franz Christoph von Scheyb (born February 26, 1704 in Tengen ; † October 2, 1777 in Vienna ) was a writer and art theorist .

Live and act

Scheyb, who came from Baden, came to Vienna at a young age. There he studied at the Jesuit College Jus and was in the service of the Counts of since 1728 Harrach . In 1739 he entered the civil service and became secretary of the Lower Austrian provincial government in Vienna. Later he went on numerous study trips, had contact with the Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau , as well as with Voltaire and other scholars of his time and was one of the most important representatives of the Enlightenment in Austria during the Theresian era . From 1746 he was a member of the short-lived Societas incognitorum in the Moravian Olomouc, the first academy-like learned society in the Habsburg countries. Later he broke away from the Jesuit view of the Enlightenment and instead maintained contacts with nationally minded scholars in Saxony and Prussia. Scheyb was one of the initially few Viennese supporters of Johann Christoph Gottsched in the late Baroque language dispute and tried to enforce his New High German language norm against the resistance of some Austrian scholars such as Johann Balthasar Antesperg and Johann Siegmund Popowitsch .

Gottsched himself and his Leipzig colleagues, however, were soon replaced in the Prussian scholarly circles by a new generation of Berlin enlightenmentists who already regarded his literary and linguistic theses as outdated and insufficiently consistent and thus also regarded his Austrian advocates as antiquated. This also made Scheyb a target of their criticism. Friedrich Nicolai, for example, expressed his disdain for Franz Christoph Scheyb several times and wrote in a letter from 1761:

Austria has not yet given us a single writer who deserves the attention of the rest of Germany; good taste is hardly there (at least as far as German is concerned) in his first childhood, hardly where Saxony and Brandenburg were as early as 1730. Scheyb, Schönaich, Gottsched, who whistle the whole rest of Germany, are still called poets there, and yet hardly any of these wretched writers is a native. How could a country like this be expected to produce tragic or comic writers? and if there were any, how miserable would they be? (Letter 203, February 17, 1761)

In addition to intellectual differences, the Austro-Prussian and Catholic-Protestant rivalries of that time may also have played a role. In addition, many Austrian writers in the Protestant north were rejected or often not read at all for the sole reason that, in the 1760s, they still published some spelling in a spelling of Upper German . Scheyb was one of the active advocates of Saxon New High German after Gottsched and was still rejected.

Scheyb then withdrew more and more from the literary discourse and his influence on the imperial administrative apparatus also declined. In return, the influence of Joseph von Sonnenfels steadily increased, who was ideologically close to the Berlin Enlightenmentists around Nicolai and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and not like Scheyb to the Leipzig scholars.

Franz Christoph von Scheyb once again gained late importance through his publication of the Tabula Peutingeriana from 1753 , which turned out to be one of the most important Roman sources from late antiquity.

Fonts

  • Theresiade: A poem of honor / By the Lord Frantz Christoph von Scheyb in Gaubikolheim ... , Jahn, Vienna, 1746, 2 vols. (Vol. 1 as digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Eulogy for the future Se. ... Excellency Herr Friedrich, of salvation. Rom. R. Counts of Harrach zu Rohrau, Lords of the Lords of Stauf, Aschach, Freystadt and Bruck an der Leytha; Hereditary lords on Branna, Starkenbach, Wlkawa ... Obrist-Erb-Land-Stallmeister in Austria above and below the Enns ... in Vienna 1749 in the meeting of some members of the Austrian learned society , Johann Gabriel Büschel, Leipzig, 1750, 4 °, 120 pp.
  • Tabula Peutingeriana C. Peutingeriana tabula itineraria quae in augusta bibliotheca Vindobonensi nuc servantur adcurate exscripta. Numini maiestatique Mariae Theresiae .... dicata a FC de Scheyb , Trattner, Vienna, 1753, Gr.-fol., (2), XIV, 69, XII S.
  • Musae Francisco ac Theresiae augustis congratulantur ..., 1756 (publisher, commemorative publication for the reopening of the University of Vienna)
  • Vindobona romana that is the city of Vienna in Austria before and at the time of the ancient Romans. In addition to an appendix from the five larks in the Austrian coat of arms , Trattner, Vienna, 1766.8 °, 190 pp.
  • Nature and art in paintings, sculptures, buildings and copperplate engravings, for the lessons of the students, and the pleasure of the connoisseurs , EA Gräff, Vienna Leipzig, 1770, 8 °, XCIV, (2), 387, (1) p.
  • History of the life, torture and miracles of St. John of Nepomuck, Canon of Prague, as well as many graces bestowed by God through the prayers of this saint. From the processes of his canonization, Italian in Rome 1729, today in 1773 in Vienna in German , EA van Ghelen, Vienna 1773, (12), LVI, 472, (3) p.
  • Of the three arts of drawing. With an appendix on the way of making impressions in sulfur, gypsums, and glass, and also digging in precious stones. (In addition to a preface by Friedrich Just Riedel) , EA van Ghelen, Vienna, 1774, (12), 452, (2) pp.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Norbert Christian Wolf: Polemical Constellations: Berlin Enlightenment, Leipzig Enlightenment and the Beginning of the Enlightenment in Vienna (1760–1770), PDF at www.goethezeitportal.de ; with Schönaich is meant Christoph Otto von Schönaich (1725–1807).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Scheyb, Franz Christoph von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Writer and art theorist
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1704
PLACE OF BIRTH Tengen
DATE OF DEATH October 2, 1777
Place of death Vienna