Johann Amadeus Franz von Thugut
Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Freiherr von Thugut (born March 8, 1736 in Linz , † May 29, 1818 in Vienna ) was an Austrian statesman.
Life
Thugut, who came from a middle-class background, initially worked as a translator in the Austrian State Chancellery before he was given diplomatic tasks himself. The leading minister Wenzel Anton Kaunitz promoted his career. In 1769, Thugut was first appointed chargé d'affaires, two years later as intern of Austria with the Ottoman Empire . His greatest success in this function was the Peace of Küçük Kaynarca in 1775, in which Austria acquired Bukovina . In 1777/78 he conducted negotiations with the Prussian side in the War of the Bavarian Succession , but without achieving results.
In 1793 Thugut was appointed Foreign Minister and a year later, despite hostility from the noble court party, he was Kaunitz's successor. In this position he appeared as a staunch opponent of Prussia and secured Austria in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795 territorial gains. Thugut was one of the decisive engines for the formation of the coalition against revolutionary France, but even he could not stop Napoleon's triumphant advance . Against Archduke Karl's wishes , he rejected two Napoleon's offers of peace. In 1801, Thugut took personal responsibility for the continued military defeats and considerable territorial losses for Austria and resigned.
In 1877, Thugutstrasse in Vienna- Leopoldstadt (2nd district) was named after him.
literature
- Alfred von Vivenot : Thugut, Clerfait and Wurmser : Original documents from the KK House, Court and State Archives and the KK War Archives in Vienna from July 1794 to February 1797 . Vienna 1869.
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Thugut, Franz Maria Freiherr . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 45th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1882, pp. 1–6 ( digitized version ).
- Heinrich von Zeißberg : Thugut, Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 38, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 138-158.
- Karl. A. Roider: Baron Thugut and Austria's response to the French Revolution . Princeton 1987.
Web links
- Literature by and about Johann Amadeus Franz von Thugut in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Johann Amadeus Franz von Thugut in the German Digital Library
- Entry on Thugut, Franz Maria Freiherr von in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Individual evidence
- ↑ See entry on Foreign Ministry, Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon ).
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Josef von Heinrich (Gt) |
Austrian envoy to Constantinople 1769–1776 |
Emanuel of Tassara (Gt) |
| Benedict de Caché |
Austrian envoy in Warsaw 1780–1783 |
Benedict de Caché |
| Karl von Richecourt |
Austrian envoy in Naples 1787–1789 |
Norbert Hadrava (Gt) |
| Philipp von Cobenzl |
Austrian Foreign Minister 1793–1800 |
Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Thugut, Johann Amadeus Franz von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Thugut, Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Freiherr von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian statesman and Minister for Foreign Affairs |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 8, 1736 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Linz |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 29, 1818 |
| Place of death | Vienna |